設(shè)計(jì)單位? Kleihues + Schuwerk Architekten

建成時(shí)間? 2022年

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)? 挪威奧斯陸

建筑面積? 約5.4萬平方米

新的挪威國家博物館位于奧斯陸峽灣之畔，匯集了4家之前互相獨(dú)立的博物館的藏品：挪威國家美術(shù)館、裝飾藝術(shù)與設(shè)計(jì)博物館、當(dāng)代藝術(shù)博物館和挪威建筑博物館。

The new National Museum brings together the collections of four previously independent museums: the Norwegian National Gallery, the Museum of Decorative Art and Design, the Museum of Contemporary Art and the Norwegian Architecture Museum.

2008年，奧斯陸市公共建筑項(xiàng)目管理局Statsbygg購買了這塊原本屬于西火車站的土地，以便在此建造一座新博物館。

In 2008, the City of Oslo’s directorate of public building projects, Statsbygg, bought the land from the former western railway station in order to erect a museum here.

2009年，設(shè)計(jì)競賽舉辦并宣布結(jié)果，獲勝者是Klaus Schuwerk的建筑事務(wù)所Kleihues + Schuwerk，其設(shè)計(jì)方案幾乎填滿了整個(gè)場地。

One year later, the design competition was announced; it was won by Klaus Schuwerk, architectural office Kleihues + Schuwerk, with a design that fills nearly the entire area of the lot.

這座建筑面積5.4萬平方米的巨大建筑，采用天然石材打造了兩種截然不同的立面：建筑的下層厚重而封閉，上層130米長的“光之大廳”則輕盈、半透明。

The enormous, 54 000 m2 building on the banks of Oslo Fjord demonstrates two very different types of natural-stone facades: massive and closed-off on the lower levels, light and translucent in the 130-m-long Hall of Light on the upper level.

這座博物館大樓已經(jīng)落成，其中包括建筑西側(cè)后部一個(gè)4層高、設(shè)有工坊和辦公室的翼樓。整個(gè)博物館擁有不少于89個(gè)大廳。

The museum building, which has now been inaugurated, counts no fewer than 89 halls, including a four-storey wing with workshops and offices in the west-facing rear portion of the building.

建筑上層的“光之大廳”是一個(gè)巨大的臨時(shí)展覽大廳，其外墻呈現(xiàn)半透明效果，這是因?yàn)椴ＡО逯g夾著薄切的葡萄牙Estremoz大理石。到了晚上，內(nèi)外兩層立面之間的LED燈被點(diǎn)亮，使得這個(gè)體量如同一個(gè)雪白的石膏立方體。

The upper level has a monumental hall for temporary exhibitions: the Lyshalle (Hall of Light) is 130 m long; its translucent facades consist of thinly sliced Portuguese Estremoz marble between panes of glass. By night, LED lights set between the two facade layers illuminate the alabaster cube.

對(duì)于其余的外墻，建筑師選擇了灰色的挪威Oppdal板巖。他們以橫跨巖層的方式切割這些石材，然后用水噴射處理，使之顯示出生動(dòng)的紋理。這些外墻不是僅僅覆有一層薄薄的石材，而是厚11.5厘米的真正的墻，石塊長度達(dá)120厘米。

For the remaining facades, the architects chose grey Norwegian Oppdal slate, which they had cut across the rock strata and then treated with water jets to reveal the vivid grain. The facade is not merely a thin covering, but rather a true wall that is 11.5 cm thick, with lengths of stone as long as 120 cm.

新博物館比街角處的新文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格的老火車站要矮得多，后者自2005年以來一直是諾貝爾和平中心的所在地。這兩座文化建筑之間建有一個(gè)前院。國家博物館在面向前院的這一側(cè)，設(shè)置了幾處大型玻璃立面，營造出開放的氛圍。

The new museum dwarfs the old neo-Renaissance railway station, which stands on the street corner and has housed the Nobel Peace Centre since 2005. A forecourt has been created between the two cultural buildings: the National Museum opens onto it with several large glazed areas.

建筑位于奧斯陸港口的海濱長廊附近，屋頂設(shè)有一個(gè)大型露天平臺(tái)，人們可以在那里欣賞到城市的壯麗景色。項(xiàng)目設(shè)施還包括咖啡館、商店和北歐地區(qū)最大的藝術(shù)圖書館。

Situated on Oslo's harbour close to the promenade, the museum offers spectacular views of the city. The building also includes a large open-air roof terrace, cafés, a shop, and the largest art library in the Nordic region.

作為區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展運(yùn)動(dòng)“FutureBuilt”的試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，新建筑在建造、運(yùn)營和運(yùn)輸過程中的二氧化碳排放量，僅為同等規(guī)模傳統(tǒng)博物館的50%左右。建筑外殼和技術(shù)設(shè)施均符合被動(dòng)能源標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。博物館通過海水熱泵系統(tǒng)對(duì)溫度進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，供熱高峰時(shí)的負(fù)荷缺口則由當(dāng)?shù)啬茉淳W(wǎng)絡(luò)補(bǔ)充。

As a pilot project for the regional sustainability campaign known as FutureBuilt, the CO2 emissions of the new building in terms of construction, operation and mobility are only around half of those produced by a conventional museum of equivalent size. The building shell and technical installations meet passive-energy standards. The museum is heated and cooled via a seawater heat-pump system. Peak heating loads are covered by the local network.

設(shè)計(jì)圖紙 ▽

參考資料

1. https://www.detail.de/de_en/nationalmuseum-in-oslo-von-klaus-schuwerk?srsltid=AfmBOoq1IINa6033SP9UJSJUuxk9iccAcyeEPXB57Bbpz52_IVhG25PY
2. https://www.archdaily.com/985786/national-museum-of-norway-kleihues-plus-schuwerk-gesellschaft-von-architekten

完整項(xiàng)目信息

Architecture: Klaus Schuwerk, Kleihues + Schuwerk Architekten

Client: Kulturdepartementet, Statsbygg

Location: Brynjulf Bulls plass 3, 0250 Oslo (NO)

Structural and building services engineering: Ramb?ll, Multiconsiult

Associated architects: Dyrvik Arkitekter

Landscape architects: ?stengen & Bergo

Interior design: Cadi og Kaels

Exhibition design: Goppion

Contractor: HAB, AF, Caverion

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