設(shè)計單位? 三文建筑/何崴工作室

項目地點? 福建省寧德市

建成時間? 2024年9月

建筑面積? 460平方米

本文文字由設(shè)計單位提供。

01

場地和設(shè)計任務(wù)：一個毗鄰東海的公共空間

Site and design task: a public space adjacent to the East China Sea

項目位于福建省寧德市霞浦東海一號公路沿途，是寧德“零碳島”建設(shè)的重要組成部分?；卦彩且惶幱^景平臺和停車場。它毗鄰東海，視線開闊，平臺正面是兀立海中的筆架山島，崖下海礁林立，并有海蝕洞。海風(fēng)、海浪、海島、海礁、海蝕洞，共同組成了海岸獨特的風(fēng)光。

The project is situated along Donghai No.1 Road in Xiapu, Ningde City, Fujian Province, and serves as a crucial element in the construction of Ningde's "Zero Carbon Island". The original site comprised a viewing platform and a parking lot. Adjacent to the East China Sea, it boasts a vast vista. Directly in front of the platform stands Bijia Mountain Island, rising majestically from the sea, with numerous reefs and sea caves lining the cliffs below. The sea breeze, waves, islands, reefs, and sea caves collectively create a unique coastal scenery.

業(yè)主希望對停車場進(jìn)行改造和升級，建設(shè)一座小型公共空間。建筑應(yīng)該在保持原場地很好的觀海效果的前提下，為游客提供進(jìn)行文化活動和聚會休息的場所，并兼顧一定的餐飲功能。同時，建筑也不能過多地影響自然環(huán)境，應(yīng)該保持對環(huán)境的尊重，并盡量做到低碳節(jié)能。

The owner hopes to renovate and upgrade the parking lot, and build a small public space. The building should provide cultural activities, gathering and resting places for tourists while maintaining a good sea view effect on the original site, also taking into account certain catering functions. At the same time, the building should not have too much impact on the natural environment, and should maintain respect for the environment, while striving for low-carbon and energy-saving.

在和業(yè)主討論后，大家對設(shè)計的原則達(dá)成了共識，正如寧德旅發(fā)集團董事長周文玲所述：“建筑要體現(xiàn)三個字：險、隱、融。”險，就是臨海但又不凌駕于海，又要讓人有險和懸的感覺；隱，就是隱藏在地里，如同地里長出來的，以謙虛的樣子出現(xiàn)，不喧賓奪主，不打擾環(huán)境；融，就是融入海岸地貌，融入在地文化。

After discussing with the owner, a consensus on the design principles had been reached. As Chairman Zhou Wenling of Ningde Tourism Development Group stated, the building should embody three words: "precipitousness, concealment, and integration." Precipitousness means facing the sea but not exceeding it, while also giving people a sense of danger and suspension. Concealment means hiding in the ground, like what grows in the ground, appearing humbly, not disturbing the environment, and not making noise. Integration means blending into the coastal landscape and local culture.

02

建筑：半隱于地下的人工海礁

Architecture: A semi underground artificial reef

建筑設(shè)計強調(diào)與環(huán)境的關(guān)系，也兼顧了可持續(xù)的理念。

Architectural design emphasizes the relationship with the environment and also takes into account the concept of sustainability.

設(shè)計靈感來自于場地周邊的海礁和海蝕洞，建筑形體呈不規(guī)則形狀，非直角的造型讓人聯(lián)想到場地周邊的礁石。建筑采用覆土形式，最大程度地避免了對土地的占用。建筑主體藏于地下，除了尊重環(huán)境的因素外，也讓室內(nèi)溫度保持相對穩(wěn)定，降低了夏天制冷的能耗。

The design inspiration comes from the reefs and sea caves around the site. The building has an irregular shape, and the non right angled shape reminds people of the reefs around the site. The building adopts a soil covering form, which minimizes the occupation of land to the greatest extent possible. The main body of the building is hidden underground, which not only respects environmental factors but also maintains a relatively stable indoor temperature, reducing the energy consumption of cooling in summer.

建筑的屋頂也是觀景平臺，覆土和重新鋪設(shè)的植被讓建筑實現(xiàn)了“零用地”的理念。屋頂東高西低，西面與停車場的道路銜接，東側(cè)微微翹起保證了建筑室內(nèi)的高度。屋頂開設(shè)了若干造型奇特的通風(fēng)口和采光口。它們的形體模仿了海洋生物：或扁圓、或三角、或長管，自由組合分布在草地中間，既可以作為屋頂草地上的裝置，供游客玩耍、拍照，又保證了室內(nèi)的通風(fēng)和采光。

The roof of the building is also a viewing platform, and the covered soil and newly laid vegetation enable the building to achieve the concept of "zero land used". The roof is high in the east and low in the west, connected to the road of the parking lot in the west, and slightly raised on the east side to ensure the height of the building interior. The roof has several uniquely shaped ventilation and lighting openings. Their shapes imitate marine creatures in forms of flat circles, triangles, or long tubes, freely combined and distributed in the middle of the grassland. They can be used as installations on rooftop grasslands for tourists to play and take photos of, while ensuring indoor ventilation and lighting.

屋頂?shù)倪吘売谢炷敛馁|(zhì)的擋墻，為了有更為險峻的感覺，建筑師在東北和東南兩個轉(zhuǎn)角處設(shè)置了凸出擋墻的小平臺，并配以玻璃欄板。人們站在此處，會產(chǎn)生一種臨空的錯覺。

The edge of the roof has a concrete retaining wall. In order to create a more steep feeling, the architect set up small platforms with protruding retaining walls at the northeast and southeast corners, equipped with glass railings, where people have a sense of emptiness while standing there.

在東、南、北三個方向，建筑的外立面會顯露出來。朝向大海的東立面為落地玻璃，天海以及遠(yuǎn)處的島嶼被“拉入”建筑室內(nèi)，形成了很好的觀景效果。在南側(cè)和北側(cè)，外立面以墻面為主，對應(yīng)室內(nèi)的輔助功能性房間。

In the east, south, and north directions, the exterior of the building will be exposed. The east facade facing the sea is made of floor to ceiling glass, and the sky sea and distant islands are "pulled" into the interior of the building, creating a great viewing effect. On the south and north sides, the exterior facade is mainly composed of walls, corresponding to the auxiliary functional rooms inside.

建筑的外圈設(shè)有平臺，擺放著休閑座椅，可以供人在戶外休息、看景。平臺由棧道和周邊的道路與停車場連接，在后續(xù)的建設(shè)中，棧道將向巖壁下繼續(xù)延伸，為游客提供近距離觀看海蝕洞穴的可能性。

The outer ring of the building is equipped with a platform, where leisure seats are placed for people to rest and enjoy the scenery outdoors. The platform is connected by a boardwalk and surrounding roads and parking lots. In the subsequent construction, the boardwalk will continue to extend below the rock wall, providing tourists with the possibility of viewing sea eroded caves up close.

為了與周邊的海礁更好地融為一體，建筑外觀被設(shè)計成不規(guī)則形態(tài)。利用結(jié)構(gòu)和功能性的開洞（門窗），墻面呈現(xiàn)出幾何化的切削和組合關(guān)系。伴隨墻體不同角度的傾斜，建筑看上去如同適度抽象后的海礁。外立面材料采用有色混凝土，為了塑造更為自然的質(zhì)感，混凝土采用拉毛處理，讓建筑呈現(xiàn)出更接近巖石的感覺。

In order to better integrate with the surrounding reefs, the exterior of the building is designed in an irregular shape. By utilizing structural and functional openings (doors and windows), the wall presents a geometric cutting and combination relationship, accompanied by different angles of inclination of the walls, the building looks like a moderately abstract reef. The exterior material is made of colored concrete, and in order to create a more natural texture, the concrete is treated with roughening to give the building a more rock like feel.

03

室內(nèi)：多孔的海蝕洞穴

Indoor: Porous sea eroded caves

建筑的主入口位于屋頂西側(cè)，它有著一個半圓筒狀的造型，從地下伸出來。從此處進(jìn)入，通過下行的甬道，人們可以進(jìn)入建筑內(nèi)部。建筑的室內(nèi)由多個相互串聯(lián)的“洞穴”空間構(gòu)成。建筑師從周邊海蝕地貌獲取靈感，通過擬態(tài)的方式，創(chuàng)造了一個有機且具有戲劇性的空間。

The main entrance of the building is located on the west side of the roof, with a semi-circular shape that extends from underground. From here, people can enter the interior of the building through the descending passage. The interior of the building is composed of multiple interconnected "cave" spaces. The architect drew inspiration from the surrounding sea eroded landforms and created an organic and dramatic space through mimicry.

根據(jù)功能，室內(nèi)空間分為門廳、主空間和后勤空間三個區(qū)域。門廳連接著主入口，一側(cè)設(shè)有吧臺，吧臺的背后是后勤區(qū)。主空間由沙龍區(qū)和展廳兩個區(qū)域組成，它們都位于建筑面向大海的一側(cè)，具有良好的視野。為了適應(yīng)多種使用功能的需要，主空間區(qū)域被設(shè)計得相對開放。這里既可以舉辦展覽、小型聚會，又可以提供餐飲服務(wù)。

According to function, the indoor space is divided into three areas: lobby, main space, and logistics space. The entrance hall is connected to the main entrance, with a bar on one side and a logistics area behind the bar. The main space consists of two areas, salon and gallery, both located on the side of the building facing the sea, with a good view. In order to meet the needs of various usage functions, the main space area is designed to be relatively open. This place can host exhibitions, small gatherings, and provide catering services.

室內(nèi)的墻面、柱子和屋頂同樣采用混凝土材料，并呈現(xiàn)出有機的形態(tài)。柱子與屋頂銜接的部分以自由的曲面過渡，墻體上有不規(guī)則的起伏和空洞。這些空洞如同壁龕一樣，既可以存放書籍，也可擺設(shè)燈具，烘托空間的氣氛。為了加強空間的戲劇性，也為了使室內(nèi)獲得更好的采光和通風(fēng)，建筑師在室內(nèi)天花上設(shè)計了一系列通向屋頂綠地的光筒。這些光筒分布在門廳、主空間和后勤區(qū)域的天花上，大小不一，形態(tài)各異。通過它們，光線可以柔和地照入室內(nèi)，人們也可以在這里與屋頂?shù)娜讼嗷タ匆?，形成一種有趣的對視關(guān)系。

The indoor walls, columns, and roof are also made of concrete material and presented in an organic form. The part where the column connects to the roof transitions with a free curved surface, and there are irregular undulations and voids on the wall, which are like niches, where books can be stored and lighting fixtures can be placed to enhance the atmosphere of the space. In order to enhance the dramatic effect of the space and provide better lighting and ventilation indoors, the architect designed a series of light tubes on the ceiling that lead to the rooftop green space, which are distributed on the ceilings of the lobby, main space, and logistics area, with varying sizes and shapes. Through them, light can enter the room softly, and people can also see each other on the roof here, forming an interesting visual relationship.

為了讓空間獲得類似于海蝕地貌的有機形態(tài)，在權(quán)衡造價的前提下，施工借鑒了雕塑的手法：先用金屬網(wǎng)在結(jié)構(gòu)上定位，塑造出基本的趨勢，然后用可塑混凝土進(jìn)行人工塑形，最后進(jìn)行表面處理。

In order to give the space an organic form similar to sea erosion landforms, the construction drew inspiration from sculpture techniques while balancing costs: first, metal mesh was used to position the structure and shape the basic trend, then plastic concrete was used for manual shaping, and finally surface treatment was carried out.

04

照明：用光影塑造寧謐夜景

Lighting: Creating a peaceful night scene with light and shadow

尊重海邊的夜間暗光環(huán)境，避免過度照明破壞既有夜景圖像的視覺亮度平衡，是極其重要的。屋頂平臺照明采用了相對克制的設(shè)計手法：主入口造型立面被照亮為游客提供視覺引導(dǎo)；設(shè)計師僅在在光筒造型的轉(zhuǎn)折處或重疊處布置小功率的埋地?zé)簦约粲盃畛尸F(xiàn)其形態(tài)各異的雕塑感。在通過光筒自身的物理遮擋減少眩光的同時，設(shè)計師利用其表面肌理的漫反射給景觀綠地提供了柔和的光環(huán)境。

It is extremely important to respect the nighttime dark environment by the seaside and avoid excessive lighting that can disrupt the visual brightness balance of existing night images. The roof platform lighting adopts a relatively restrained design approach: the main entrance facade is illuminated to provide visual guidance for tourists; The designer only arranges low-power buried lights at the turning or overlapping points of the light tube shape, presenting their various sculptural forms in silhouette. By using the physical obstruction of the light tube itself to reduce glare, and relying on the diffuse reflection of its surface texture, it provides a soft light environment for the landscape green space.

步道功能照明借助局部擋墻的反射光代替常規(guī)的草坪燈布置，盡可能地消隱燈具，弱化對白天建筑的視覺影響。出挑平臺通過轉(zhuǎn)角布置的星光埋地?zé)簦?.2W）提示安全邊界，減少視覺干擾，提升游客觀景賞月的視覺體驗。此外，屋頂平臺暗光環(huán)境使得游客能更好地感知海浪潮汐聲和鳥鳴聲。

The functional lighting of the trail uses the reflected light from local barriers instead of conventional lawn lights, and tries to conceal the lighting fixtures as much as possible to weaken the visual impact on the building during the day. The protruding platform uses starlight buried lights (0.2W) arranged at the corners to indicate safety boundaries, reduce visual interference, and enhance the visual experience of tourists viewing the moon. In addition, the low light environment on the rooftop platform allows tourists to better perceive the sound of waves, tides, and bird songs.

建筑外立面照明通過外圈平臺的雙重防眩埋地上射燈，實現(xiàn)建筑面朝大海的前端亮，并向末端漸暗的過渡效果。此外，近人尺度窗洞、門洞的重點照明，使建筑呈現(xiàn)出一個戲劇性的幾何光影造型。建筑寬大檐口內(nèi)側(cè)空腔的間接光為平臺休閑人群提供了柔和的基礎(chǔ)照明；檐口上刻意開設(shè)了若干小孔，使光可以從中透射出來，形成的細(xì)膩光影變化。

The exterior lighting of the building is achieved through dual anti glare underground spotlights on the outer platform, which brightens the front end facing the sea and gradually darkens towards the end. Combined with the emphasis on lighting near human scale window and door openings, the building presents a dramatic geometric light and shadow shape. The indirect light from the inner cavity of the wide eaves of the building provides soft basic lighting for the leisure crowd on the platform; Several small holes are deliberately opened on the eaves, allowing light to pass through and create delicate light and shadow changes.

室內(nèi)以埋地?zé)羯险盏姆諊彰?，和對位桌面下照的功能照明為主，共同烘托出?nèi)部洞穴的視覺張力，彌漫在空間中的暖光內(nèi)透為東海來往船只提供了心靈家園的視覺隱喻。

The indoor environment is mainly illuminated by ambient lighting from buried lamps and functional lighting from the table, which together create a visual tension of the internal cave. The warm light that permeates the space provides a visual metaphor for the spiritual home of ships traveling in the East China Sea.

05

結(jié)語和反思

Conclusion and reflection

“洞見·藍(lán)”空間是一個很小的文旅項目，但對于地方來說又是重要的。首先，建筑為來東海一號公路的游客提供了一個全新的公共空間，填補了該區(qū)域長期缺乏優(yōu)質(zhì)文化空間的遺憾；其次，建筑獨特的外觀成為了該區(qū)域新的文旅地標(biāo)，起到了引流的作用；建筑還遵循了環(huán)境友好原則：覆土設(shè)計減少了對土地的占用，使建筑以一種謙虛但自信的姿態(tài)呈現(xiàn)，與環(huán)境實現(xiàn)了共生；建筑也引入了智能化控制系統(tǒng)，且盡量使用自然通風(fēng)、自然采光，實現(xiàn)了有效節(jié)能。

the Blue Insight Cave Space is a small cultural and tourism project, yet also important for the local community. Firstly, the building provides a brand new public space for tourists coming to Donghai No.1 Road, filling the regret of the long-term lack of high-quality cultural space in the area. Secondly, the unique appearance and experience of the building have become a new cultural and tourism landmark in the area, playing a good role in attracting people flow. The building also follows the principle of environmental friendliness: the soil cover design reduces the occupation of land, and the building presents itself in a humble but confident manner, achieving symbiosis with the environment; The building has also introduced intelligent control systems and tries to use natural ventilation and lighting as much as possible, achieving effective energy conservation.

項目也有遺憾：在最初的設(shè)計中，建筑師本希望用混凝土澆筑，然后采用人工鑿毛的方式來實現(xiàn)建筑的內(nèi)外質(zhì)感；照明設(shè)計師則希望在深夜模式中，實現(xiàn)呼吸般動態(tài)明暗變化與潮汐聲音的互動，但最終因為造價和工序等原因并沒有實現(xiàn)。

There are also regrets in the project: in the initial design, the architect intended to use concrete pouring and then manually chiseling to achieve the interior and exterior texture of the building; The lighting designer hoped to achieve the interaction between breathing like dynamic light and dark changes and tidal sounds in late night mode, but ultimately it was not realized due to cost and process reasons.

設(shè)計圖紙? ▽

完整項目信息

項目名稱：“洞見·藍(lán)”空間

地點：福建省寧德市霞浦縣長春鎮(zhèn)丹灣觀景平臺

業(yè)主：福建省金海旅游投資開發(fā)有限公司

建筑、室內(nèi)設(shè)計：三文建筑/何崴工作室（https://3andwichdesign.com）

主創(chuàng)建筑師：何崴

建筑設(shè)計團隊：王梓亦、吳文權(quán)、劉浩、何星辰

室內(nèi)設(shè)計團隊：孟祥婷、王俊、支海洋

現(xiàn)場藝術(shù)指導(dǎo)：曾朝壘

照明設(shè)計：昭之宇照明

主動式技術(shù)顧問：威盧克斯

施工圖設(shè)計：北京華巨建筑規(guī)劃設(shè)計院有限公司

施工圖設(shè)計團隊：趙勇路、黃秋來、林燊、梁信林、郭建生、裴學(xué)龍、陳宗琪

施工單位：福建閩鑫盛建設(shè)工程有限公司

業(yè)主工程管理團隊：馬朝華、林立輝

設(shè)計時間：2023年8月—2024年1月

建成時間：2024年9月

建筑面積：460平方米

攝影：DONG建筑影像

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