Image © Jackie Matthews via Shutterstock

法國巴黎圣母大教堂重新開放
Notre Dame Cathedral Reopens in Paris, France

由專筑網(wǎng)王沛儒，小R編譯

五年前一場毀滅性的大火燒毀了巴黎圣母院大教堂的屋頂和塔尖，甚至威脅到整個建筑的完整性。這座建筑現(xiàn)在正式重新開放，在之前舉行了開放儀式，持續(xù)了兩個小時，有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和貴賓出席。巴黎圣母院修復(fù)耗資約 7 億歐元（約合 7.39 億美元），這場儀式讓我們有機會以第一批游客的身份看到修復(fù)成果，在修復(fù)過程中清潔了內(nèi)部石材，展現(xiàn)出閃閃發(fā)光的白色哥特式內(nèi)部空間。

The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris has officially reopened, five years after a devastating fire destroyed its roof and spire and threatened the integrity of the entire structure. The reopening ceremony took place on Saturday evening with a two-hour sermon, attended by global leaders and dignitaries. The ceremony also represented the first opportunity to witness the result of the estimated €700 million ($739 million) restoration, a process that included the thorough cleaning of the stone interiors, revealing a glistening white gothic interior.

Image © muratart via Shutterstock

在建筑方面，修復(fù)工作的重點是精心重建。在大火中嚴(yán)重受損的哥特式中殿已被完全翻新。被毀壞的塔尖與原塔尖幾乎完全相同，“森林 ”屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)來源于法國各地橡樹。中殿的 28 個飛扶壁在重建工程開始前就已固定。此外，還修復(fù)了內(nèi)部的29個小禮拜堂，這些小禮拜堂是 13 世紀(jì)增建的。

Architecturally, the restoration focused on meticulous reconstruction. The Gothic nave, damaged extensively in the fire, has been completely refurbished. The destroyed spire was reconstructed to be identical to the original 19th-century one, as was the "forest" roof structure, reconstructed using oak trees from across France. The 28 flying buttresses of the nave were secured before any work began. Twenty-nine chapels surrounding the interior, added in the 13th century, were also restored.

Image Courtesy of Histovery

內(nèi)部裝飾全部由Guillaume Bardet設(shè)計，包括高祭壇、安博臺和帳幕。荊棘王冠等重要遺物得以保留，陳列在新的圣物盒中。路易九世國王贈送的南玫瑰窗也恢復(fù)了昔日的光彩。

重新開放后，最令人驚喜的是內(nèi)部明亮通透。文物保護人員采用了一種新技術(shù)，用乳膠漿清洗受損的內(nèi)部石雕，不僅清除了煙灰，還清除了使石雕變黑的積塵和污垢。這樣，內(nèi)部石材就變得 “異常 ”光亮，但有些人認為這不符合一個擁有數(shù)百年歷史的哥特式大教堂的形象。

The interior was completely refurnished with new liturgical pieces designed by Guillaume Bardet, including the high altar, ambo, and tabernacle. Significant relics, such as the Crown of Thorns, were preserved and displayed in new reliquaries. The south rose window, a gift from King Louis IX, was also restored to its former glory.
Among the most surprising elements of the reopening were the bright and luminous interiors. Conservationists used a new technology involving a latex paste to clean the damaged interior stonework, removing not only the soot but also the accumulated dust and grime that darkened the stonework. The result is an "uncharacteristically" bright stone interior, which some have found to clash with the image of a centuries-old Gothic cathedral.

Image Courtesy of Histovery

歷時五年的修復(fù)工作涉及 250 家公司的 2000 多名工人。修復(fù)工程不僅包括結(jié)構(gòu)修復(fù)，還包括壁畫的藝術(shù)修復(fù)和新禮儀用品的制作。開放儀式本身就融合了天主教傳統(tǒng)和法國民族自豪感，彰顯了這項工程的規(guī)模以及讓這座標(biāo)志性大教堂重新煥發(fā)生機的多方協(xié)作。在重新開放之前，世界各地的多個城市舉辦了AI展覽，拉近了大教堂與公眾的距離，展示了大教堂的歷史和修復(fù)工作。在開展修復(fù)工作的同時，巴黎還重新設(shè)計了大教堂的周邊環(huán)境，由景觀設(shè)計師Bas Smets主導(dǎo)設(shè)計。

The five-year restoration involved over 2,000 workers from 250 companies. The project encompassed not only structural repair but also the artistic restoration of murals and the creation of new liturgical furnishings. The reopening ceremony itself was a blend of Catholic tradition and French national pride, highlighting the scale of the undertaking and the collaborative effort that brought the iconic cathedral back to life. Ahead of the reopening, several cities from around the world hosted augmented reality exhibitions to bring the iconic cathedral closer to the public and showcase its history and restoration efforts. In parallel with the restoration works, the city of Paris also set out to redesign its surroundings, a project led by landscape designer Bas Smets.

Image Courtesy of Histovery

本文版權(quán)歸腿腿教學(xué)網(wǎng)及原創(chuàng)作者所有，未經(jīng)授權(quán)，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載。

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