景觀概念設計? Heatherwick Studio

景觀深化及優(yōu)化設計/落地指導? WTD緯圖設計

項目地址? 陜西西安

竣工時間? 2024年12月

景觀面積? 6,000平方米

本文文字由WTD緯圖設計提供。

生命之樹是西安華潤置地國際文化商業(yè)中心（CCBD）的核心地標建筑。它位于西安萬象城廣場中央，從地下層拔地而起，由60片鋼結構的巨型葉片組成，是一處57米高的縱向公園。葉子沿不同高度依次還原干草原、干沙漠、干燥灌木、溫帶闊葉林、山地森林、高山苔原、溫帶草原等7重生態(tài)特征，將橫向的地理文化與氣候表征以縱向維度去表達。

Xi'an Tree is the central landmark of the China Resources Land International Culture and Business Center (CCBD) in Xi'an. It is located in the center of The Mixc Plaza and rises up from the subterranean level, consisting of 60 steel-structured giant leaves in a 57m-high longitudinal park. The leaves restore seven ecological features along different heights, such as Dry steppe, Arid Dessert, Xeric shrubland, Temperate Broadleaf Forest, Mountain forest, Alpine tundra, and Temperate steppe, in order to express the horizontal geo-cultural and climatic representations in a vertical dimension.

▲ 項目視頻介紹? ?三棱鏡

2023年8月，緯圖在Heatherwick Studio的概念基礎上，介入到生命之樹的景觀方案深化、優(yōu)化工作中。基于Heatherwick Studio提出的七個生態(tài)區(qū)構想，我們對“生命之樹”所涉及的生態(tài)區(qū)特征進行抓取研究，分析不同生態(tài)區(qū)的質感、色調、植物狀態(tài)、空間氛圍感等，并與西安植物園共創(chuàng)梳理出適配西安的植物清單，利用不同表征的植物、鋪裝、覆蓋物等元素，全方位展示其獨有的生境表情。

In August 2023, WTD GROUP intervened to deepen and optimize the landscape scheme of Xi'an Tree based on the landscape concept of Heatherwick Studio. Based on the seven ecological zones proposed by HS, we captured the characteristics of the ecological zones involved in the tree, analyzed the texture, color tone, plant status, and spatial ambience of different ecological zones, and co-created with Xi'an Botanical Garden a list of plants suitable for Xi'an, and made use of plants, paving, and mulching elements with different characteristics to show its unique characteristics in a comprehensive way. Using different representations of plants, paving, mulch and other elements, the site will display its unique habitat expression in an all-round way.

一、尋求每一個生態(tài)區(qū)最典型的生境表情

Looking for the most typical features of each ecoregion

如何集中在一棵樹上講述“一帶一路”的宏大敘事，重現干草原、干沙漠、干燥灌木、溫帶闊葉林、山地森林、高山苔原、溫帶草原七個生態(tài)區(qū)？西安位于關中平原，暖溫帶半濕潤大陸性氣候，冬季寒干冷，夏季炎熱，加上種植環(huán)境為非地培。豐富的景觀設計，與非常規(guī)的實施條件，為生命之樹的景觀營造帶來諸多挑戰(zhàn)。

How to focus on a tree to tell the grand narrative of “One Belt, One Road”, reproducing the seven ecological 7 ecological zones ? Xi'an is located in the Guanzhong Plain, with a warm-temperate semi-humid continental climate, cold and dry winters, and hot summers, coupled with a planting environment that is not geocultivated. The rich landscape design, with unconventional implementation conditions, brings many challenges to the landscape creation of the project.

我們去尋找每一個生態(tài)區(qū)最典型的生境表情。以山地森林生態(tài)區(qū)為例，我們尋找到山地森林獨特的自然片段作為切入點，純凈的蕨類花園生長出極具生命力的白樺樹。恰好叢生河樺適配西安氣候，因此我們采用叢生河樺作為喬木骨架，庫伯蕨和鱗毛蕨做中層，愛爾蘭珍珠草及細松針純化底層，同時采用板巖拼接的深灰色調鋪裝，共同營造濕潤的山地森林綠境。到了秋冬季節(jié)河樺會掛上色葉并落葉，而蕨類花園可維系冬日的綠意。

We went in search of the most typical habitat features of each ecological zone. As an example, we searched for the unique natural picture of the mountain forest ecoregion, where pure fern gardens grow birch trees. It just so happens that the river birch is suited to the local climate, so the designers used it as a tree. Cooper's Fern and Scaly Fern are used as the middle layer, Irish Pearl Grass and Fine Pine Needles are used as the bottom layer of the plant, while the dark gray tone paving with slate patchwork is used to create the feeling of wet mountain forest. Come fall and winter, when the river birch leaves change color and drop, the fern garden sustains the greenery of winter.

來到干草原區(qū)域，我們抓取該生態(tài)區(qū)最具顯著特征的畫面，提取枯黃的植物基調加大面積裸露的沙漠質感。我們在甘肅戈壁中找到了檉柳、檸條等原本作為防風固沙的喬木品種，去表現荒漠中野蠻的強勁的生命力。使用紫葉車桑子、細葉芒為可控骨架，底層以哈默恩狼尾草、棕紅苔草、火云刺柏作為植物基底。其中，紫葉車桑子的葉子到了冬天會變得像火焰一般紅，是獨屬于干草原的一抹亮色。為了還原沙漠質感，我們將大量的要蓋物（麥飯石）裸露，與枯黃調植物形成獨特的干草原畫面。

Coming to the Dry steppe area, we captured the most characteristic images of this ecological zone, extracting the yellowish plant tone and the texture of the large bare desert. The designer found tamarisk, lemon bar and other tree species in the Gobi of Gansu to express the strong vitality in the desert. The plant skeleton is made of purple-leafed psoralea and fine-leafed awns, and the bottom layer is made of Hameln's wolfsbane, brown-red tussock, and fire-clouded juniper as the plant base. Among them, the leaves of purple-leaved psyllium become red like flames in winter, a bright color unique to this ecological zone. In order to restore the desert texture, we left a large amount of to-cover material (mackerel) bare, and withered yellow-toned plants to form a unique picture of the dry prairie.

除葉片景觀臺外，生命之樹從底部到頂部有三個重點：下沉廣場—東方花園，中層平臺—絲路綠洲，頂層平臺—華山之巔。在下沉廣場，樹根從地下10米向上徐徐展開，樹根處是一片東方韻味的水池，蓮生于水中，棧橋浮于水上。我們采用霸王蓮及紙莎草為骨架，點綴科羅拉多睡蓮，形成極具生機的花園。

In addition to the leaf landscape platform, the Xi'an Tree has three key areas from the bottom to the top: the Sunken Plaza - Oriental Garden, the Middle Platform - Silk Road Oasis, and the Top Platform - Top of Mount Hua. In the Sunken Plaza, the roots of the tree unfold upward from 10 meters below the ground, and at the roots is a pond where lotus flowers are born in the water, and the trestle bridge floats on the water. We have used the king lotus and papyrus as the plant skeleton, and embellished with Colorado water lilies to form a vibrant garden.

中層平臺由13 個巨型葉片相連組全樹最大的平臺，它隸屬于溫帶闊葉林，因此我們?yōu)樗渲昧素S富的季相型植物，豐富的色彩變化……

The middle platform consists of 13 giant leaves connected to form the largest platform in the tree, which belongs to the temperate broad-leaved forest, so we configured it with rich seasonal plants and rich color variations. ......

頂層設計之初就想還原華山之巔的自然風貌，因此我們對華山畫面進行剖析，其顯著特征是山石、矮灌、松的組合，松是蒼勁自然的，灌木具有沖破山石的生命力。因此頂層植物設計有別于其他生態(tài)區(qū)，空間設計的策略是放空，讓登頂者猶如登頂華山之巔，有更多跟城市進行視線交互的機會。我們挑選自然冠且具有剪影美的造型黑松，而底層以堰柏、新西蘭小刺柏純化基底。登頂生命之樹，向北可遠眺隋唐天壇，向西與電視塔遙相呼應。

At the beginning of the top floor design, we wanted to restore the natural appearance of the top of Mount Hua, so the designer analyzed the picture of Mount Hua, which is characterized by the combination of rocks, short shrubs and pines, the pines are strong and natural, and the shrubs have the vitality of breaking through the rocks. Therefore, the plant design of the top floor is different from other ecological zones, and the strategy of the space design is to empty the space, so that the climbers can have more chances to interact with the city sight as if they were on top of Huashan. We selected natural crowns with silhouette beauty of stylized black pines, while the bottom layer is purified with weir cypress and New Zealand small juniper. At the top of the Xi'an Tree, you can see the Tang Dynasty Temple of Heaven to the north and the TV Tower to the west.

在號苗過程中，我們幾乎走遍了全國各地才一點一滴搭建起如此復雜的植物框架。在甘肅武威戈壁灘里挑選檉柳和檸條，在內蒙古赤峰尋找有姿型美的文冠果，在山東濱州尋找叢生河樺。而頂層的黑松更是跑了好幾個省份，最后在山東萊蕪找到了形態(tài)自然、未被人工修型的造型黑松與赤松。經過多輪打樣與論證，我們沿著植物搭配尋找最優(yōu)解，滿足持久性及效果上的控制，以保證它們的完美落地。

In the process of searching for plants, we traveled almost all over the country to build up such a complex plant framework bit by bit. In Gansu, we selected tamarisks and lemons in the Gobi Desert, in Inner Mongolia we searched for beautifully shaped avena, and in Shandong we searched for clumps of river birch. And the top layer of black pine is even ran to several places, and finally in Shandong Laiwu found a natural form of black pine and red pine. After many rounds of proofing and argumentation, the designer searched for the optimal solution along the plant mix to meet the durability and effect control to ensure their perfect landin

二、用算法模擬自然

Simulating the nature with technology

生命之樹“整棵”樹“都由Grasshopper電池生成。我們搭建了一個景觀控制系統(tǒng)LIM體系，把排水、荷載、植物、結構、幕墻、燈光、微環(huán)境等十幾個工種集中整合在LIM體系里，統(tǒng)籌各個工種，利用算法模擬自然。

Xi'an tree is generated by Grasshopper battery. We built a landscape control system LIM system, integrating drainage, loading, plants, structure, curtain wall, lighting, micro-environment and a dozen other types of work centrally in the LIM system, co-ordinating each type of work, and using technology to simulate nature.

比如山地森林區(qū)域的鋪裝，材料選用了黑色沉積巖，它具有片狀肌理，是一種符合山地森林氣息的石材。我們使用Grasshopper中的算法以及其強大功能，模擬水流運動的方向和力量，實現自然水流的沖刷效果，并通過調整參數實時觀察到水流沖刷后的變化。

For example, for the pavement in the Mountain forest area, the material chosen is black sedimentary rock, which has a flaky texture and is a stone that matches the atmosphere of the mountain forest. We use the algorithms in Grasshopper and its powerful functions to simulate the direction and force of water movement, to realize the effect of natural water scouring, and to adjust the parameters in real time to observe the changes of water scouring.

第一步輸入基礎線（Curve），使用該基礎線（Curve）去把基礎面進行分割（SrfSplit），分割后就得到地面鋪裝的基礎形態(tài)。第二步通過縮放（Scale）把分割出來的面進行縮放，再提取出縮放后基礎面的邊線，使用兩點建立向量（Vec2Pt），通過點的向量去把邊線進行抖動。最后調整圖像映射器（Graph Mapper）的圖像形態(tài)以及兩點向量（Vec2Pt）的大小，將我們所需要的鋪裝形態(tài)、板塊大小、鋪裝數量計算出來。

The first step is to input Curve, use Curve to SrfSplit the base surface, and then get the base shape of the floor covering. The second step is to scale the segmented surface by Scale, and then extract the edges of the scaled base surface, use two points to build the vector Vec2Pt, and dither the edges by the vector of points. Finally, we adjust the image shape of Graph Mapper and the size of Vec2Pt to calculate the shape of the pavement, the size of the slab, and the number of pavements we need.

因為全“樹”為鋼結構，具有一定“韌性”，重了葉片變形會更嚴重，輕了葉片會回彈。這就意味著我們要嚴格遵守每個葉片的荷載預留數據，每一片樹葉上的荷載分布都不同，多一分少一分都不行，因此荷載合理性及荷載驗證就很重要。為此我們利用Grasshopper去做了詳細驗證荷載與方案推導，通過調整覆土容重達到覆土體積增值，但總覆土荷載不變。葉片鋪裝荷載增加，景石荷載做對應減少，反之則景石增加或荷載回填找補。每一片葉片都經過詳細的計算，每個獨立網格都帶有數據。

Because the whole tree is a steel structure, with a certain “toughness”, heavy blade deformation will be more serious, light blade will rebound, each leaf on the distribution of loads are different, more or less can not be, so the load rationality and load verification is very important. We used Grasshopper to do a detailed verification of the load and program derivation, by adjusting the mulch capacity to achieve the mulch volume value-added, but the total mulch load remains unchanged. When the leaf paving load increases, the scenic stone load is reduced, and vice versa, the scenic stone is increased or the load is backfilled. Each blade is calculated in detail, with data on each individual grid.

為了保證植物后期的存活，我們還通過Grasshopper模擬光照，利用緯圖自行研發(fā)的光照分析插件進行分析輸出每個葉片的光照條件，以指導植物品種的落地選擇。

In order to ensure the survival of the plants in the later stage, we also simulate the light through Grasshopper, and use the light analysis plug-in developed by WTD GROUP to analyze and output the light conditions of each leaf, in order to guide the selection of plant varieties on the ground.

三、用手作還原自然

Restore the nature with handmade

用Grasshopper生成鋪裝塊面之后，我們分別從質地、肌理、色彩等多維度去尋找匹配每一個生態(tài)區(qū)的材料。原方案考慮的是采用20多種材料以混拼邏輯做豐富的變化，但效果不理想且落地不可控，我們重新找到 5種可控材料作為主材料。

After generating the paving blocks with Grasshopper, we searched for materials to match each eco-zone in terms of texture, texture, color and other dimensions. The original plan was to use more than 20 kinds of materials to make rich changes by mixing and matching logic, but the effect was not ideal and the landing was not controllable, so we re-found 5 kinds of controllable materials as the main materials.

1）用柏坡凰及中國黑石皮原生天然的材料代替復雜的混拼，經過歲月洗禮天然風化過的石皮極具色彩及紋理變化，通過石皮顏色、肌理特征進行分類，以適配不同生態(tài)區(qū)自然鋪裝需求，而置石也對應了相同特征的鋪地材料；

2）漏骨料混凝土，通過調整其粒徑、骨料、顏色、凹凸度去表達沙漠、草原鋪地質感，讓其符合生態(tài)區(qū)特征且效果可控；

3）用柚木還原古老有生命力的棧道及臺階；

4）用青石板模擬雨水沖刷后的山地森林地面；

5）用黃金木紋、巴哈馬木紋、熱帶雨林三種大理石異型加工，還原下沉環(huán)廊放射狀室內外一體化的精致空間。

(1) Cypress Phoenix and Chinese black stone skin native natural materials instead of complex mixing, after years of baptism of natural weathering of the stone skin is very colorful and texture changes, through the stone skin color, texture characteristics of the classification, in order to meet the needs of different ecological zones of natural paving, and place the stone also corresponds to the same characteristics of the paving materials;

(2) Aggregate leakage concrete, by adjusting its particle size, aggregate, color, and convexity to express the texture of desert and grassland paving, so that it meets the characteristics of the ecological zone and the effect is controllable;

(3) Teak wood is used to restore the ancient and vitalized trestle and steps;

(4) The green stone slabs simulate the forest floor in the mountainous area after the rainwater washes away;

(5) Use gold wood grain, Bahamas wood grain, tropical rain forest three kinds of marble shaped processing, restore the sunken corridor radial indoor and outdoor integration of exquisite space.

想要落地自然式鋪裝并非易事。首先，工廠需根據石皮控制要求挑選出適配的荒料，再鋸出石皮毛料備料。接著，我們根據每塊石皮的圖紙進行擴大預切割，再通過人工手作手鑿出最自然的邊界縫隙，在這個過程中尤其注重石皮縫隙咬合與大小的組合關系，避免出現機械或重復生硬的邊界。石材加工完成再逐一編號，發(fā)往施工現場進行鋪貼，完美工藝的背后是無數匠人的共同付出。

It is not easy to lay natural paving on the ground. First of all, the factory needs to select the appropriate barren material according to the requirements of the stone skin control, and then saw out the stone skin wool preparation. Then, according to the drawing of each piece of stone skin for the expansion of pre-cutting, and then by hand hand chiseling the most natural boundary seams, in this process pay particular attention to the stone skin seams bite and size of the combination of relationships, to avoid mechanical or repeat the hard border. Stone processing is completed and then numbered one by one, sent to the construction site for paving, behind the perfect craftsmanship is the common effort of countless craftsmen.

生命之樹的游覽是一次壯觀的旅程，人在逐級登高過程中也隨著景致的變幻而擁有完全不同的視覺觀感和游逛體驗。這座四季常新的空中花園，在時間的進程中與植株的壯碩細微，與風霜雪露共生，等待人們踏入一段探索發(fā)現的旅程。

The visit to the Xi'an tree is a spectacular journey, and the visual and wandering experience is completely different as one ascends from one level to the next, with the scenery changing as one goes. This seasonal sky garden, in the course of time, with its robust and subtle plants, is waiting for people to embark on a journey of discovery and discovery.

生命之樹的景觀設計與落地，是科技與自然的碰撞。對我們而言，這也是一次交融著艱難、糾結、喜悅、興奮等復雜情緒的設計之旅。從設計到落地，我們的設計師現場服務累計超過200天，各專業(yè)提供項目全生命周期的設計配合，直至這座世界級垂直綠化建筑的最終呈現。為了再現絲綢之路上的旖旎風光，我們自己仿佛重走了一趟絲綢之路，采集各種生態(tài)樣本，將它們引入生命之樹。沿著歷史的文脈向上生長，生命之樹為西安這座千年古城注入全新的商業(yè)活力。

The landscape design and landing of Xi'an Tree is a collision of technology and nature. For us, it is also a design journey with complex emotions such as difficulty, entanglement, joy and excitement. From design to implementation, the designers' on-site service has accumulated more than 200 days, and each specialty provides design cooperation for the whole life cycle of the project until the construction is completed. In order to reproduce the beautiful scenery on the Silk Road, we ourselves seemed to retrace the Silk Road, collecting various ecological samples and introducing them into the design. Growing upwards along the vein of history, the Xi'an Tree injects brand new commercial vitality into the thousand-year-old city of Xi'an.

完整項目信息

項目名稱：西安華潤萬象城·生命之樹

項目地址：陜西省西安市雁塔區(qū)

業(yè)主單位：華潤置地有限公司

景觀概念設計：Heatherwick Studio

景觀深化及優(yōu)化設計/落地指導：WTD緯圖設計

緯圖設計團隊：李卉、張黎、唐志楊、李彥薩、湛俊杰、胡國棟、譚林豐、吳麗紅、李理、余中元、藍德泉、何潔、張書楨、王利如、焦雪、宋照兵、劉潔、張維鋒

建筑設計：Heatherwick Studio

施工圖設計：成都綠茵景園工程有限公司

施工單位：廣州華苑園林股份有限公司

花境施工單位：重慶天華園藝有限公司

顧問團隊：WSP（MEP工程）、KTP（生命之樹結構工程）、CFT（生命之樹幕墻工程）、Speirs+Major（燈光）、MIR（視覺效果）、Robotics Plus（工程）

景觀面積：6,000平方米

竣工時間：2024.12

攝影：三棱鏡、Chill Shine丘文三映

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