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PAL 國際學校@TUFS / Naf 建筑設計事務所
PAL International School@TUFS / Naf Architect & Design
由專筑網(wǎng)王沛儒，小R編譯
該項目位于東京外國語大學校園內，是一所幼兒園和提供課后課程教學的國際學校，場地位于從大學中心廣場延伸出來的林蔭大道的盡頭。這是一個高差約 2 米的小山丘，據(jù)說是用旁邊的學生宿舍修建時剩余的泥土堆成的。場地四周用鐵絲網(wǎng)隔開，看起來與整個校園格格不入，因為它在校園的盡頭，這里雜草叢生，讓人望而卻步，場地中間有一個切口，將山丘一分為二，后面設置了一個吸煙區(qū)，可能是因為從周圍看不到里面的原因。
An international school that provides a nursery and after-school program designed on the campus of Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. The site was designated at the end of a tree-lined avenue extending from the university’s central plaza. It was a hill-like place with a height difference of about 2 meters, and I was told that the hill was made of leftover soil that had been piled up when the student dormitory next to it was built. The site was segregated by a surrounding chain link fence, and it seemed detached from the entire campus as being located at the far end, where weeds grow so thick that you might hesitate to enter in the summer. There was a cut in the center that pided the hill into two, and a smoking area was set up at the back, probably because it was out of sight from the surrounding area.
上述描述可能會給人留下負面印象，但當建筑師第一次來到這里時，感受卻完全相反，偌大的大學校園內，在一條從中心廣場延伸出來的林蔭大道的盡頭，非常容易找到，校園外的道路兩旁種滿了迷人的櫻花樹。一般來說，建筑師會在幼兒園園區(qū)內建造人工山丘，在征求園長的意見后，建筑師決定直接利用現(xiàn)有的這座小山。假設整個花園都建在這座人工小山丘上，那么這就是個立體的場地空間，讓孩子們肆意活動、發(fā)揮想象力。為了減少施工過程中的土方量，教學樓建在遠離山丘中心的一側，沿著前面的道路延伸，道路兩旁種滿了櫻花樹。幼兒園建筑的屋頂都很低矮，這樣當人們站在山上時，就能看到周圍的樹木和風景。
The above explanation may give a negative impression, but when I first visited the site, my impression was the exact opposite. Its location on the large university campus, at the end of a tree-lined avenue that extends from the central plaza, was very easy to find. Beyond that, the road outside the campus was lined with attractive cherry blossom trees. It is common for nursery schools to build artificial hills in their gardens, and after consulting with the director, we decided to use an existing hill as an artificial hill. The assumption is that the entire garden is an artificial hill and would be positively used as a three-dimensional field to accept the activities and imagination of the children. To reduce the amount of soil removed during construction, the school building was built away from the center of the hill, moved to the side, and stretched along a road in front, lined with cherry blossom trees. The roof of the nursery building is kept low so that when you stand on the hill, you can see the surrounding trees and scenery.
屋檐下有一條室外走廊，走廊與山丘之間有一道擋土墻。為了盡量減少土方工程，建筑師選擇將擋土墻推向建筑，在山坡高、土方量大的部分適當縮小走廊凈寬，除此之外，依據(jù)運營的需求，加寬了交通擁擠區(qū)域的走廊寬度，同時放置沙發(fā)供孩子們休息，為了保證安全，0 - 1歲兒童的操場前的這段走廊被縮小了。擋土墻的位置考慮了這兩種情況的平衡。因此，走廊和山丘之間通過擋土墻相連，擋土墻沿著建筑設置，全長 47 米，有 7 處拐彎，屋檐也對應地延伸和彎曲。為了防止雨水進入走廊，擋土墻的頂部邊緣斜切向山丘。
There is an outdoor hallway under the roof's eaves, and a retaining wall separates the hallway from the hill. To minimize the earthwork, we opted to narrow the hallway where the hill is high and the amount of soil is large by pushing the retaining wall toward the building and broadening the hallway where the hill is low. However, due to operational requirements, the hallway was broadened where wide hallway was requested to put sofas for children to gather or there is a lot of traffic and narrowed in front of the playground for children aged 0 to 1 to ensure safety. The location of the earth retaining wall was considered to balance both conditions. As a result, the hallway and the hill are connected by earth retaining walls that are cranked at seven locations along the 47m length of the building, and the eaves are also extended and cranked accordingly. To prevent rain from entering the hallway, the top edge of the retaining wall was cut diagonally toward the hill.
人們通過面向走廊的多扇推拉門都可以進入房間，在建筑鄰近道路的一側安裝了高窗扇，位置正好在屋頂下方，可以看到櫻花樹的枝條。建筑的長邊有 47 米，但短邊只有 4.5 米，所以只要打開兩邊的窗戶，就能確保一定的通風。夏天，成排的櫻花樹可以遮擋東方的晨曦，而在冬天，當樹葉掉落后，陽光會照射到室內，屋檐和旁邊的學生宿舍會擋住西邊的夕陽。
Facing the hallway, many sliding door sashes allow access from many places in the room. On the front roadside opposite the hallway, high window sashes were installed just below the roof in a position where branches of the cherry blossom trees can be seen. The long side of the nursery building is 47m, but the short side is only 4.5m, so if you open the sashes on both sides, you can ensure ventilation in 4.5m. In the summer, the rows of cherry blossom trees provide shade from the morning sun coming from the east, and in the winter, when the leaves fall, the sunlight reaches indoors. The eaves and the adjacent student dormitory block the sunset from the west.
考慮到木材的通用性和成本，結構采用木制，橫截面和長度（6 米以內）都符合住宅標準。幼兒園建筑的短邊是4.5 米，但從短邊伸出的屋檐最長有2.7 米，總長度超過 6 米，因此可以通過像“chopstick gun”一樣通過滑動頂端的橫梁來調節(jié)長度。這樣，根據(jù)彎曲的不同導致長度不同的屋檐就可以由同一個結構單元來支撐。這種結構單元在 47 米長的建筑中重復出現(xiàn)了 14 組，這同時也成為了室內設計的一部分。
The structure is made of wood, considering its versatility and cost, and the cross-section and length (6m or less) meet residential standards. The short side of the nursery building is 4.5m, but the eaves that extend from it are a maximum of 2.7m, and the total length exceeds 6m, so the length can be adjusted by sliding a beam held at the tip like a “chopstick gun.” This allows the eaves, which have different lengths depending on the crank, to be supported by the same structural unit. This unit was repeated in 14 sets over the 47m long length of the building and was used as the interior design.
入口旁邊有公交?？空?，雖然幼兒園建在大學校園里，但它不僅容納大學里的孩子，也容納附近的孩子，他們來自塞內加爾、烏干達、美國、中國、韓國等不同國家，教職員工也是如此。比如，學校的午餐由來自烏茲別克斯坦的職工準備，孩子們可以品嘗到她準備的當?shù)孛朗?。在園內，從入口一側到前面的公交車站，設置了一條環(huán)山路線，供車輛通行。隨著流動茶室和過夜托兒露營車等各種功能的引入，幼兒園的活動范圍不斷擴大。在學校一周年慶典上，許多人在食品車排隊買食品；國際家庭和當?shù)鼐用穸紒韰⒂^，學生們的啦啦隊表演前擠滿了許多人。
There is a shuttle bus stop next to the entrance. Although the nursery school was built on a university campus, it accepts children not only from the university but also from the vicinity. Children from various countries outside Japan attend the school, including Senegal, Uganda, the United States, China, South Korea, and others, and the same goes for the staff. For example, school lunch is prepared by someone from Uzbekistan and her local cuisine can be served at lunch. Inside the garden, a route has been set around the hill for cars to go through the site from the entrance side to the bus stop on the front road. The range of activities is expected to expand as various functions, such as a mobile tea room and a camper for overnight childcare, are introduced and “plugged in” to the nursery school. At the school’s first anniversary celebration, food trucks came, and many people lined up for food; international families and local residents visited, and cheerleading demonstrations by students were crowded with many people.
大學的中心廣場是校園的交通樞紐，也是大學活動中心，是舉辦大學節(jié)等活動的主要場所，廣場上擺滿了攤位。為大學的中心廣場打造“另一個廣場”是幼兒園的設計理念，目的是在從中心廣場延伸出來的林蔭大道盡頭增添一項“兒童”活動。它的基本設計原則是將一棟低矮的木制教學樓作為廢棄山丘的一部分來重組空間，將托兒活動場地變成林蔭大道之外的一道風景。從熱鬧的一周年慶典中，人們可以感受到這個設計理念正在孕育之中。
The university’s central plaza is the hub of campus circulation, and is literally the center of university activities, serving as the main venue filled with stalls for events such as university festivals. Creating “another plaza” for the university’s central plaza was the concept of designing the nursery school, which was intended to add a “childcare” activity at the end of the tree-lined avenue that extends from the central plaza. The basic design principle is to restructure the space by placing a low-height wooden school building as part of the abandoned hill and turning childcare activities into a landscape beyond the tree-lined avenue. We can sense that this concept is being nurtured through the bustling first-anniversary celebration.
建筑師希望通過這種方式將“另一個廣場”與中心廣場連接起來，突出兩者的特點，為創(chuàng)造新的價值和興趣奠定基礎。幼兒園園長和大學校長在初期的對話中交換了很多想法，比如“如何把幼兒園食堂準備好的午餐以類似 UberEats 的方式送到學生手中？”“學習幼兒教育的學生作為實習生如何參與托兒工作？”其中一些想法已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)，還有更多等待開發(fā)。
We hope that connecting “another plaza” with the central plaza in this way will highlight the characteristics of both and lay the groundwork for creating new value and interest. Many ideas were exchanged in the conversation at the early stage between the nursery school director and the university president, such as “How about delivering lunch prepared in the nursery school cafeteria to students in a similar way to UberEats?” “How about students studying early childhood education to participate in childcare as interns?” Some of these have already been realized, and many more will be developed.
這是一個眾籌項目，它的目標金額在征集開始后17秒就實現(xiàn)了，最終有1000多位投資人報名參與，籌得資金是目標金額的近3倍。在研討會上，校長說：“在大學里建一所幼兒園是我們一直以來的愿望?！睆哪信壤慕嵌葋碚f，女性較多的大學內部對這個項目充滿期待。然而，這所幼兒園的特色在于，在充分利用大學環(huán)境的同時，圍繞兒童創(chuàng)造新的價值，還不僅僅是滿足兒童的托兒需求。建筑師認為，在整個社會的背景下，人們對幼兒園的期望遠遠超出了大學的框架，因此這不僅局限于提供托兒服務。
On a separate note, this is a project funded by crowdfunding, whose target amount was achieved 17 seconds after the call started, and in the end, more than 1,000 investors applied for the project, raising nearly three times the goal. At the design meeting, the university president said, “It’s been our long-standing desire to build a nursery school at the university,” which left me with the impression that the inner circle of the university, which has more women by gender ratio, had much expectation to the project. However, the features of this nursery school lie in creating new values and excitement around children while making the most of the university environment, not just serving their need for childcare. We feel that the expectation for the nursery school to provide more than its primary role of childcare against the backdrop of society, in general, is coming from far beyond the framework of the university.
日本政府于 2023 年初成立了兒童和家庭廳，倡導“以兒童為中心的社會”。這個項目創(chuàng)下了最快的眾籌記錄，而且似乎不會在短期內被打破。建筑師認為，這些內容是這一趨勢的見證。
The Japanese government established the Children and Families Agency in early 2023, advocating a “children-centered society.” This project achieved the fastest crowdfunding record, which does not seem to be broken any time soon. We believe these are only a few testaments to this surging trend.
建筑師：納夫建筑設計事務所
地址：日本，町田
面積：238 m²
年份： 2022
攝影：矢野俊之
SCHOOLS
MACHIDA, JAPAN
Architects: Naf Architect & Design
Area: 238 m²
Year: 2022
Photographs:Toshiyuki Yano
本文版權歸腿腿教學網(wǎng)及原創(chuàng)作者所有，未經(jīng)授權，謝絕轉載。
