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加入我們，探索倫敦動物園的現(xiàn)代主義建筑及更多驚喜
Join our tour of London Zoo, its modernist architecture and more
由專筑網(wǎng)Yinglin，小R編譯
倫敦動物園深受年輕游客的喜愛，但這里同樣為建筑愛好者提供了豐富的欣賞空間；本次游覽將帶您探索園內(nèi)的現(xiàn)代主義建筑瑰寶。
如果你認(rèn)為倫敦動物園只有動物值得觀賞，那就要重新考慮了。這個觀光勝地遍布現(xiàn)代主義建筑珍品，涵蓋了不同時期的動物居所設(shè)計，從維多利亞時代的建筑（確切地說，動物園于1828年首次開園）一直延續(xù)到21世紀(jì)（例如2013年完成的“老虎領(lǐng)地”）。年輕游客每天都來此與動物互動，但園區(qū)的建筑環(huán)境也能讓建筑愛好者大飽眼福，使其成為值得一游的建筑景點。
倫敦動物園的建筑：從起源到兩百周年
倫敦動物園最著名的建筑瑰寶是企鵝池。該建筑由Berthold Lubetkin于1934年設(shè)計，當(dāng)時被視為工程奇跡。然而，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)混凝土材料并不適合企鵝，動物們不得不遷往其他地方。盡管如此，這座橢圓形的一級保護(hù)建筑仍然象征著那個時代前衛(wèi)的現(xiàn)代主義建筑探索。
London Zoo is a well-established magnet for younger visitors, but there's plenty for the architecture enthusiast to admire too; our tour explores its modernist treasures for guests of all ages
If you thought London Zoo was just about animals, think again. Modernist architecture treasures abound in this sightseeing staple, which offers a range of designs for different residents' homes, starting from structures from the Victorian times (1828 to be precise, when the attraction first opened its doors) and leading up to the 21st century (the Tiger Territory was perfected in 2013). Young visitors flock daily to coo over its furry inhabitants, but its built environment has something for everyone too, making this a worthy visit for the architecture enthusiast.
Architecture at London Zoo: from origins to bicentenary
One of London Zoo's most well-known architectural gems is the Penguin Pool. Designed in 1934 by Berthold Lubetkin, it was a feat of engineering at the time; yet the animals ultimately had to be rehoused, as its material, concrete, was later discovered not to be ideal for the birds. Still, its elliptical Grade I-listed volume is visual shorthand for the progressive, modernist architectural explorations of its time.
為慶祝其悠久歷史及與游客的關(guān)系，倫敦動物園宣布了一個新項目——“歷史蜂巢”。2026年，倫敦動物園由ZSL（倫敦動物學(xué)會）運營的保護(hù)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)將迎來200周年紀(jì)念。為了慶祝這一事件，從現(xiàn)在起至周年紀(jì)念日，動物園將收集“紀(jì)念品、文物、家庭照片和全球訪客的口述歷史”，邀請游客共同參與動物園的慶典。建筑也將在這一項目中扮演重要角色。
倫敦動物園的地產(chǎn)改造主管Claire McKeown談及這一遺產(chǎn)時表示：“倫敦動物園的建筑遺產(chǎn)在英國無與倫比，這里集中了眾多跨越近200年的歷史建筑。這種設(shè)計多樣性反映了動物園從古至今的演變歷程，漫步在動物園，您將不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這種多樣性與折衷主義建筑，Sir Hugh Casson設(shè)計的粗野主義展館緊鄰現(xiàn)代主義的企鵝池，遠(yuǎn)處還能看到1913年建成的Mappin Terraces——動物園首次嘗試人工山地景觀設(shè)計?！?br />
Celebrating its long history and its relationship with its (often, frequently returning) visitors, London Zoo has announced a new project – History Hive. In 2026, ZSL (Zoological Society of London), the conservation charity that runs London Zoo, will turn 200 years old. To mark the event, from now until that bicentenary date, as part of this project, the zoo will be sourcing 'memorabilia, artefacts, family photos and oral history from people across the globe' – inviting its guests to be part of its story. Architecture is expected to play a key role in the project too.
Claire McKeown, the zoo's director of estate transformation, says of this heritage: 'London Zoo’s architectural legacy is unparalleled in the UK, with a remarkable concentration of listed historical buildings spanning nearly 200 years. This persity of design reflects the zoo's evolution, from its origins as a Georgian zoological garden to its current role as a world leader in conservation and education. As you walk around the zoo, it's hard to miss this persity and eclecticism, as our brutalist pavilion, designed by Sir Hugh Casson, nestles alongside a modernist penguin pool, with the Mappin Terraces – the zoo's first attempt at artificial mountainous landscaping from 1913 – towering in the distance.
“這些建筑不僅令人難忘，它們還深深融入了流行文化中。其中最著名的要數(shù)Lubetkin設(shè)計的企鵝池，這座現(xiàn)代主義杰作啟發(fā)了1935年Edward Young為企鵝出版社設(shè)計的標(biāo)志，并出現(xiàn)在2022年Harry Styles的《As It Was》音樂視頻中。除此之外，還有備受喜愛的建于上世紀(jì)20年代的爬蟲館，由動物園首位女性爬蟲學(xué)家Joan Procter博士設(shè)計，她推動了該建筑的創(chuàng)新與技術(shù)發(fā)展。”
“許多人會認(rèn)出它的意大利風(fēng)格，因為它出現(xiàn)在《哈利·波特與魔法石》中哈利與緬甸蟒蛇相遇的場景中。倫敦動物園的建筑遺產(chǎn)既是對其歷史的致敬，也是對其不斷創(chuàng)新使命的見證。這些建筑不僅是歷史地標(biāo)，也是功能性空間，展示了我們在保留遺產(chǎn)的同時，不斷適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代需求。”
'Not only is the architecture unforgettable, it’s at the heart of popular culture. Most famous is the Lubetkin Penguin Pool, a modernist masterpiece that became the inspiration for Edward Young's iconic Penguin Books logo in 1935 and was featured in Harry Styles’ "As It Was" music video in 2022. Elsewhere is the much-beloved 1920s Reptile House, designed by the zoo's first female herpetologist, Dr Joan Procter, who drove the innovation and technical specification of the build forward.
'Many will recognise its Italianate style from Harry Potter's encounter with a Burmese python in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. The architectural legacy of London Zoo stands as both a tribute to its history and a testament to its ongoing mission to innovate. These structures are not just historical landmarks, but functional spaces, showing how we constantly endeavour to balance heritage with adapting to modern conservation needs.'
倫敦動物園在多年的建筑決策中始終堅持美學(xué)與動物福利的平衡。McKeown解釋說，最近，標(biāo)志性的Snowden鳥舍改造為猴谷也體現(xiàn)了這一原則，這為瀕危的黑白疣猴提供棲息地。原有的寶貴設(shè)計得到了保留，但經(jīng)過重新構(gòu)思和更新，適應(yīng)新的用途及21世紀(jì)的需求。
“這種方法突顯了動物園建筑的轉(zhuǎn)變，即動物護(hù)理與設(shè)計的和諧統(tǒng)一，平衡了建筑遺產(chǎn)的保留，創(chuàng)造了設(shè)計與功能共存的豐富復(fù)雜生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。”
A balance between aesthetics and animal welfare sits at the heart of London Zoo's decisions and architectural work on campus over the years. This is reflected in the recent transformation of the iconic Snowden Aviary into Monkey Valley, a habitat for endangered colobus monkeys, McKeown explains. The precious existing design was maintained but reimagined and updated for its new use and 21st-century needs.
'It's an approach that highlights a shift in zoo architecture, where animal care and design harmonise, balancing the preservation of architectural heritage to create enriching, complex ecosystems where design and function coexist.'
“隨著我們即將迎來兩百周年紀(jì)念，現(xiàn)代保護(hù)動物園在未來的重要作用更加凸顯，36英畝園區(qū)的改造是其中的核心。動物園的設(shè)計始終是我們作為以保護(hù)為中心的動物園使命的核心，每個項目之中融入了可持續(xù)性和未來保障的理念。該愿景確保了倫敦動物園在尊重其歷史遺產(chǎn)及早期先鋒建筑師的同時，繼續(xù)引領(lǐng)為動物和游客創(chuàng)造最先進(jìn)環(huán)境的潮流?！?br />
'As we look towards our bicentenary, and considering the vital role of a modern conservation zoo in the future, the transformation of our 36-acre site is absolutely at the heart of this. The design of the zoo remains central to our mission as a conservation-focused zoo, integrating sustainability and future-proofing into every project. This vision ensures that, while London Zoo honours its historic legacy and former pioneering architects, it continues to be a pioneer in creating state-of-the-art environments for both animals and visitors alike.'
鐘樓，1828年
雖然這座鐘樓嚴(yán)格來說并不是現(xiàn)代主義建筑，但作為本次游覽的起點再合適不過了。鐘樓于1828年隨著倫敦動物園的正式開園而落成，是園區(qū)中最古老的原始建筑，由建筑師Decimus Burton設(shè)計。該建筑在二戰(zhàn)期間受到損毀，后來于20世紀(jì)40年代末得到了修復(fù)。
Clock Tower, 1828
Granted, an unexpected kick-off, as this is technically not a modernist building, but the Clock Tower is a fitting start to this tour, as it was inaugurated in 1828 with London Zoo's official launch. It constitutes the oldest original building in the wider complex, designed by architect Decimus Burton. The structure suffered damage during the Second World War but was repaired in the late 1940s.
Mappin梯臺，1914年
Mappin梯臺為二級保護(hù)建筑，毗鄰如今用來安置袋鼠和鴯鹋的Mappin展館。這座層疊的結(jié)構(gòu)由建筑師John James Joass設(shè)計，采用鋼筋混凝土建造，靈感來源于當(dāng)時前衛(wèi)的動物園建筑理念，提倡無籠柵的圍欄設(shè)計。
Mappin Terraces, 1914
The Grade II-listed Mappin Terraces are located adjacent to the Mappin Pavilion, which now houses the wallabies and emus. The cascading, tiered structure was designed by architect John James Joass, built out of reinforced concrete and inspired by progressive zoo architecture of the time, which promoted enclosures without bars.
水族館，1924年
倫敦動物園的水族館是全球首個對公眾開放的設(shè)施，由維多利亞時代的自然學(xué)家Philip Henry Gosse設(shè)計，他還為水族館提供了自己收藏的海洋標(biāo)本。該建筑以極大的熱情精心打造，使用了大塊玻璃，方便觀眾觀賞其中的海洋生物。
Aquarium, 1924
London Zoo's Aquarium takes pride in being the world's first-ever public facility of its kind. Designed by Victorian naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, who also supplied marine specimens for it from his own collection, the structure was meticulously crafted through passion and using large sheets of glass for viewing the creatures within.
爬蟲館，1926年
許多人對爬蟲館并不陌生，不僅因為親臨其境，還因為它出現(xiàn)在首部《哈利·波特》電影中。該建筑由爬行動物館長Joan Beauchamp Procter博士與建筑師Edward Guy Dawber爵士共同設(shè)計，在當(dāng)時極為先進(jìn)。Procter不僅是爬蟲學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專家，還是動物園的首位女性爬蟲學(xué)家。
Reptile House, 1926
Many will be familiar with the Reptile House, not only from site visits, but also for its famous appearance in the first Harry Potter movie. The structure was designed by Dr Joan Beauchamp Procter, curator of reptiles, with architect Sir Edward Guy Dawber, and it was considered extremely advanced for its time. Procter was an expert in her field, as well as the zoo's first female herpetologist.
猩猩館，1933年
猩猩館，也被稱為圓形館，是倫敦動物園首座由現(xiàn)代主義建筑事務(wù)所Tecton Group設(shè)計的建筑。該建筑專為安置一對雄性和雌性大猩猩Mok和Moina而建。其設(shè)計出自Tecton Group的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人Berthold Lubetkin（他還設(shè)計了倫敦的著名Highgate高點公寓），并由傳奇工程師Ove Arup協(xié)助實現(xiàn)。如今，該建筑被列為一級保護(hù)建筑。
Gorilla House, 1933
Gorilla House – also known as Round House – was the first building at the zoo to be commissioned to the modernist architecture practice Tecton Group. It was custom-built to house a pair of male and female gorillas, Mok and Moina. The structure was designed by practice co-founder Berthold Lubetkin (the man behind London gems such as Highgate's Highpoint apartment building) and realised with the help of legendary engineer Ove Arup. It is now Grade I-listed.
企鵝池，Berthold Lubetkin設(shè)計，1934年
世界聞名的企鵝池于1934年完工，由Lubetkin和Tecton Group設(shè)計。這個橢圓形的游泳池特色在于通向水面的螺旋步道，過去還有觀景窗、內(nèi)置的筑巢箱、玻璃前面的潛水池和旋轉(zhuǎn)噴泉。
Penguin Pool by Berthold Lubetkin, 1934
The world-famous Penguin Pool was completed in 1934, also to a design by Lubetkin and the Tecton Group. The elliptical swimming pool features dramatic spiralling walkways down to the water, and used to have viewing windows, built-in nesting boxes, a glass-fronted ping tank and a revolving fountain.
Casson館，1965年
微瞇著眼，你幾乎可以看出Casson館設(shè)計的靈感——一群大象圍聚在水塘邊。該建筑由Sir Hugh Casson與Neville Conder及其伙伴設(shè)計，是當(dāng)時粗野主義建筑的典范。目前，這座建筑已被列為二級保護(hù)建筑，是紅河豬家族的棲息地。
Casson Pavilion, 1965
Squint your eyes and you can just about see the inspiration for the Casson Pavilion's design – a herd of elephants gathering around a water hole. The building was designed by Sir Hugh Casson and Neville Conder and Partners and is a fine example of the brutalist architecture of its time. It is now Grade II-listed and the home of a red-river-hog family.
斯諾登鳥舍，1965年
斯諾登鳥舍的尖頂標(biāo)志性設(shè)計使其成為倫敦動物園內(nèi)外的地標(biāo)，人們從攝政運河步道和攝政公園都能遠(yuǎn)眺。該建筑以其設(shè)計者斯諾登勛爵命名，他與Cedric Price和Frank Newby共同設(shè)計。鳥舍采用了懸浮的鋁框架四面體結(jié)構(gòu)，靈感源自1951年英國博覽會的Skylon建筑。這座鳥舍也是倫敦動物園的二級保護(hù)建筑。
Snowdon Aviary, 1965
The Snowdon Aviary's pointy peaks mark the presence of London Zoo even beyond its own campus, visible from the Regent's Canal walk and Regent's Park. Named after its designer Lord Snowdon, who worked alongside Cedric Price and Frank Newby, the aviary is an innovative structure in suspended aluminium-framed tetrahedrons, heavily inspired by the gravity-defying Skylon from the 1951's Festival of Britain. This is another of the zoo's Grade II-listed buildings.
Clore Pavilion, 1967
Clore小型哺乳動物館因其建筑設(shè)計而受到二十世紀(jì)學(xué)會等遺產(chǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的推崇，由建筑師Black、Bayes和Gibson設(shè)計，并由Charles Clore捐贈的20萬英鎊資助建成。該建筑外觀低調(diào)簡潔，但在磚塊和混凝土構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)上極具復(fù)雜性，館內(nèi)還設(shè)有為游客設(shè)計的高架玻璃步道。
Celebrated for its architecture by heritage institutions such as the Twentieth Century Society, the The Clore Pavilion for Small Mammals was designed by architects Black, Bayes & Gibson (made possible by a £ 200,000 donation from Charles Clore). It is a low, modest-looking but highly complex composition in brick and concrete, featuring a raised glazed walkway for visitors.
Lion Terraces, 1975
倫敦動物園“獅子之地”展區(qū)中的獅子臺階由當(dāng)時的倫敦動物學(xué)會建筑師John Toovey設(shè)計。這座建筑取代了1876年建造的舊獅子館，展現(xiàn)了更加廣闊而引人注目的步行體驗。
The extensive, impressive walk into the 'Land of the Lions' at London Zoo includes a visit to the Lion Terraces, which were designed by John Toovey, when he was architect to the Zoological Society of London. The structure was created to replace an old Lion House built in 1876.
圖片：ZSL
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