設(shè)計(jì)單位? 有限設(shè)計(jì)工作室

項(xiàng)目地址? 廣東韶關(guān)

竣工年份? 2023年

建筑面積? 34000平方米

本文文字由設(shè)計(jì)單位提供。

背景與初衷

Background and Intent

桂頭鎮(zhèn)濕地公園位于廣東省韶關(guān)市乳源瑤族自治縣桂頭鎮(zhèn)，是有限設(shè)計(jì)工作室在當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)踐中的一次重要嘗試。在本次與萬科城市研究院合作的位于韶關(guān)市的城市設(shè)計(jì)過程中，我們注意到桂頭鎮(zhèn)武江邊的一片自然濕地。

Guitou Town Wetland Park is located in Guitou Town, Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, and represents a significant endeavor by YXDesigners in the region. During the urban design collaboration with Vanke Urban Research Institute, we identified a natural wetland along the Wujiang River in Guitou Town.

這片濕地在洪泛季節(jié)常被淹沒，土壤流失嚴(yán)重，難以進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)，因而成為一片無人問津的“野地”。然而，正是這種“荒蕪”讓它保留了原生態(tài)的自然屬性——茂密的本地植被、豐富的生物多樣性，以及得天獨(dú)厚的山水景觀視野。我們通過與乳源縣和桂頭鎮(zhèn)兩級(jí)政府、萬科集團(tuán)（援建方）及萬科城市研究院（設(shè)計(jì)管理方）的多次討論，推動(dòng)各方一致決定將這片濕地改造為一座濕地公園，旨在為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┮粋€(gè)與自然共生的公共空間。

This wetland is frequently submerged during flood seasons, with severe soil erosion making it unsuitable for agricultural development, thus lremaining an overlooked "wilderness."? However, this very "untamed" quality has preserved its pristine ecological attributes—dense native vegetation, rich biodiversity, and unparalleled vistas of mountainous and aquatic landscape.After multiple extensive discussions with the local governments of Ruyuan County and Guitou Town, Vanke Group (the funding entity), and Vanke Urban Research Institute (the design management team), we collectively resolved to to transform this wetland into a wetland park. The goal is to provide the local community with a public space that coexists harmoniously with nature.

▲ 項(xiàng)目視頻? ?有限設(shè)計(jì)工作室

盡管在種種原因之下，最終官方將其命名為“桂頭鎮(zhèn)街文化公園”，但細(xì)想這一名稱亦不違和——桂頭鎮(zhèn)村民世代與山川河流相依，這種人與自然的緊密關(guān)系本身就是一種廣義的“文化”。濕地公園的設(shè)計(jì)，正是為了集中呈現(xiàn)這種生態(tài)文明之美，讓那些被忽視的自然景觀重新進(jìn)入人們的視野，成為被探索、欣賞的對(duì)象。

Despite its official designation as "Guitou Town Cultural Park," the name resonates profoundly—generations of villagers here have coexisted with mountains and rivers, embodying a broader 'culture' rooted in human-nature interdependence. The design of the wetland park seeks to crystallize this ecological beauty, transforming neglected natural landscapes into focal points for exploration and appreciation.

場(chǎng)地改造策略

Site Transformation Strategies

桂頭鎮(zhèn)地處武江沿岸，春夏季節(jié)雨量充沛，洪水頻繁，洪泛水位與常水位之間的高差可達(dá)4米。鎮(zhèn)中心區(qū)域沿江筑起高堤以抵御洪水，雖然保護(hù)了土地，卻也切斷了人與水的聯(lián)系，河岸的硬化更是導(dǎo)致滯洪緩沖區(qū)喪失與河道縮窄。因此，設(shè)計(jì)的核心挑戰(zhàn)在于：如何與洪水共生，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)能夠適應(yīng)洪水變化的彈性公共空間，讓自然的節(jié)奏能夠?yàn)槿藗兯兄?/p>

Guitou Town lies along the Wujiang River, where abundant rainfall in spring and summer leads to frequent flooding, with water levels fluctuations by up to 4 meters between flood and normal conditions. To combat flooding, the town center has built high embankments along the river, which, while protecting the land, have severed the connection between people and water. The hardening of the riverbanks has also narrowed the river channel and eliminated flood buffer zones. Thus, the core challenge of the design lies in how to coexist with flooding, creating an adaptable public space that allows people to perceive the rhythms of nature.

我們首先對(duì)現(xiàn)狀岸線進(jìn)行了有限改造，保留了河漫灘的泄洪功能，并通過拋石加固防止水土流失。同時(shí)充分考慮洪水的周期性變化，設(shè)立適應(yīng)不同水位的游憩系統(tǒng)，以耐沖刷、易維護(hù)的材料建造不同標(biāo)高的棧道和園路。即使在洪水最高水位時(shí)，公園依然能夠?yàn)槿藗兲峁┓?wù)。公園如同一把標(biāo)尺丈量著自然，這種彈性設(shè)計(jì)不僅增強(qiáng)了場(chǎng)地的適應(yīng)性，還讓人們能更直觀地感受到自然的動(dòng)態(tài)變化。

Our primary intervention is to implement limited modifications to the existing shoreline, preserving the floodplain's natural flood discharge function while reinforcing it with riprap reinforcement to prevent soil erosion. Simultaneously, we establish a recreational system adaptable to varying water levels, using durable, low-maintenance materials to construct boardwalks and paths at different elevations. Even during peak flood conditions, the park remains fully operational. It acts as a living hydrometer, calibrating the pulse of natural water rhythms. This resilient design not only enhances the site's adaptability but also renders nature's rhythms legible to visitors.

與自然共生的人造物

Human-Made Structures in Harmony with Nature

入口建筑和小廣場(chǎng)以低矮的姿態(tài)面向公路，而以開闊的狀態(tài)面向自然。高架棧橋是為了讓人們?cè)诤榉杭竟?jié)依然能夠使用公園。

The entrance complex and plaza adopt a humble silhouette toward the roadway, while strategically orienting expansive vistas toward the natural landscape. To maintain accessibility during flood seasons, an elevated boardwalk system was implemented.

棧橋面向武江展開，為游客提供開闊的視野，橋下的柱廊則提供了遮蔭避雨的休憩空間。柱廊采用粗樸的石構(gòu)語言，試圖營(yíng)造一種與自然共生的“遺跡感”，仿佛這些構(gòu)筑物早已與自然融為一體。

Unfolding along the Wujiang River, the boardwalk provides panoramic views, with its underside colonnade functioning as a rain-sheltered promenade. The colonnade's textural stonework employs a deliberately crude tectonic language, evoking an archaeological sensibility of structures organically fused with the terrain—as if these elements had always coexisted with the riverine ecology.

棧橋上還延伸出三座形態(tài)各異的觀景平臺(tái)，靈感來自當(dāng)?shù)卮迕窠ㄔ斓牡跄_樓。夜晚，棧橋化身為“星光橋”，橋面上鑲嵌的發(fā)光石與夜空中的繁星交相輝映。

Three cantilevered observation decks, inspired by the stilt-house vernacular of local villages, extend from the primary walkway. At dusk, the boardwalk metamorphoses into a "Starlight Bridge," with its surface embedded with luminous inlays that choreograph a celestial interplay with the night sky.

整體形態(tài)上，我們盡量減少工程干預(yù)，保留原有的地形、生境和鄉(xiāng)土植被，僅在場(chǎng)地中央挖掘三個(gè)淺坑作為雨洪滯留池。洪水退去或雨后，這些淺坑會(huì)形成雨水花園，孕育出半水生的野生植物群落。

Throughout the design, we prioritized minimal earthwork, preserving existing topographies, habitats, and native flora, with three strategic detention basins carved centrally.

上述設(shè)計(jì)手段均旨在減少人造物與自然的罅隙，使公園成為人與自然對(duì)話的媒介。

These basins transition into ephemeral wetland gardens following floods or storms, nurturing self-sustaining semi-aquatic plant communities.

豐富的活動(dòng)與社區(qū)參與

Diverse Activities and Community Engagement

公園允許摩托車進(jìn)入，游客可以直接騎行至棧橋的端頭，欣賞風(fēng)景。考慮到摩托車在鎮(zhèn)上是最重要的交通工具，這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)無疑激發(fā)了村民自由享受自然的興致，在將享受自然融入日常的過程中，起到了關(guān)鍵的引導(dǎo)作用。武江原本就在那，但這些風(fēng)景卻可能是第一次落入村民的眼里。

The park grants motorcycle access, allowing people to traverse directly to the boardwalk terminus for immersive landscape engagement. This intentional mobility strategy leverages motorcycles—the town's lifeline transportation—to catalyze spontaneous nature immersion, interweaving ecological appreciation into everyday life. Although the Wujiang River has always been part of this landscape, its beauty is now truly seen by the villagers for the first time.

棧橋、環(huán)形園路和植被間的汀步，不僅是慢跑散步的好去處，也為觀鳥和觀察昆蟲提供了絕佳場(chǎng)所。

The network, looped trail system, and stepping-stone pathways through reed beds serve dual purposes: curated corridors for jogging/walking and strategic wildlife observation platforms (avian and entomofauna studies).

我們利用廢棄的管樁，改造成多種形式的兒童游樂設(shè)施和科普裝置，為鄰近的桂頭小學(xué)師生提供寓教于樂的自然課堂?？裳蜎]的混凝土水榭成為露營(yíng)中心和皮劃艇碼頭，拋石駁岸則成為村民和游客垂釣、撈螺的熱門地點(diǎn)。

Decommissioned construction pilings were upcycled into play structures and interactive environmental education stations, transforming the riverfront into an outdoor discovery lab for Guitou Primary School. Flood-adaptive concrete pavilions operate seasonally as camping hubs and kayak docks, while ecologically engineered riprap revetments have become popular spots for fishing and collecting snails.

太陽(yáng)能的充分利用

Harnessing Solar Energy

公園驛站和棧橋的設(shè)計(jì)中采用了太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)。光伏板形成連續(xù)的屋面，其起伏的形態(tài)呼應(yīng)著武江水波的韻律。光伏板的角度經(jīng)過精確計(jì)算，調(diào)整為17度朝南，以實(shí)現(xiàn)全年太陽(yáng)能接收效率最優(yōu)化，為公園提供清潔能源。

Solar technology is seamlessly embedded within the design of the park's architectures and boardwalk. Photovoltaic panels form a continuous roof, their undulating shapes echoing the ripples of the Wujiang River. The panels are precisely angled at 17 degrees southward to maximize solar energy absorption, providing clean energy for the park.

結(jié)語

Epilogue

桂頭鎮(zhèn)濕地公園的設(shè)計(jì)源于對(duì)自然的深切尊重。這片洪泛濕地一直以來都仿佛是被隱藏的自然秘境，未曾有機(jī)會(huì)成為一個(gè)讓人們探索自然之美的場(chǎng)所。通過這次改造，我們?cè)噲D在保留原有生態(tài)特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，融入適度的人工干預(yù)，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)與自然和諧共生的公共空間。公園不僅是一個(gè)觀賞風(fēng)景的地方，更是一個(gè)讓人們重新發(fā)現(xiàn)自然、感知自然變化的場(chǎng)所。在這里，人造物與自然的界限被模糊，人與自然的關(guān)系被重新定義。我們希望通過這個(gè)公園，讓更多人感受到自然的詩(shī)意與美，也讓桂頭鎮(zhèn)的生態(tài)文明得以延續(xù)和升華。

The design of Guitou Town Wetland Park stems from a profound reverence for nature’s legacy. This floodplain wetland, long overlooked as a natural sanctuary, now transforms into a living observatory where ecological processes become tangible. Through calibrated interventions, we preserved site-specific ecologies while weaving infrastructure that amplifies nature’s agency—a public realm where engineered and organic systems coalesce. The park is not merely a place to enjoy scenery but also a space for people to rediscover and perceive the changes in nature. Here, the boundaries between human-made structures and nature are blurred, redefining the relationship between humans and the environment. We aspire for this landscape to perpetuate Guitou’s ecological ethos, ensuring nature’s poetic intelligence endures as collective heritage.

設(shè)計(jì)圖紙 ▽

完整項(xiàng)目信息

項(xiàng)目名稱：桂頭鎮(zhèn)濕地公園（桂頭鎮(zhèn)街文化公園）

地理位置：廣東省韶關(guān)市乳源瑤族自治縣

占地面積：34000平方米

項(xiàng)目時(shí)間：2022年—2023年

業(yè)主：萬科集團(tuán)

設(shè)計(jì)方：有限設(shè)計(jì)工作室

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員：陸嘉鴻、薛軼文、莫羚卉子、彭譚、庹魁、朱明星

設(shè)計(jì)管理：萬科城市研究院

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理：李聰毅、王崢、裴雨霏

設(shè)計(jì)管理團(tuán)隊(duì)：羅家學(xué)、曹偉、張可泯、黃卓琪

施工圖：中航國(guó)潤(rùn)（深圳）建筑科技發(fā)展有限公司

施工方：中建八局南方建設(shè)有限公司&鐵漢生態(tài)環(huán)境股份有限公司

工程管理：萬堃工程咨詢

藝術(shù)裝置：深源科技文化（深圳）有限公司

照明顧問：上海添羽照明設(shè)計(jì)有限公司

展示及標(biāo)識(shí)深化設(shè)計(jì)合作：深圳市上行線設(shè)計(jì)有限公司

項(xiàng)目攝影：有限設(shè)計(jì)工作室、木賊、余天辰

視頻版權(quán)：有限設(shè)計(jì)工作室

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