建筑/室內(nèi)方案設(shè)計? 行之建筑設(shè)計事務(wù)所

EPC總包單位? 中國中元國際工程有限公司

項目地址? 江西省景德鎮(zhèn)

完成年份? 2024年

建筑面積? 5300平方米

撰文? 熊星

有趣的問題

“一個綠地公園中的設(shè)備用房，可以做成什么樣？”

“What could a utility building in a green park look like?”

2019年夏天，蟬鳴怒響中，我被問到了這個有趣的問題。提問的人是景德鎮(zhèn)陶溪川文創(chuàng)園區(qū)的業(yè)主，陶文旅的劉子力董事長。2012年他邀請清華大學(xué)張杰教授團隊主持陶溪川保護更新利用的規(guī)劃。

In the noisy summer of 2019 with cicadas chirping, I was asked this intriguing question. The inquisitor was Mr. Liu Zili, Chairman of Taowenlv, owner of the Jingdezhen Ceramic Art Ave Taoxichuan. Since 2012, he invited Professor Zhang Jie’s team from Tsinghua University to lead the preservation and renovation planning.

陶溪川的前身是國營宇宙陶瓷廠和陶瓷機械廠，如今它已經(jīng)成為國家級文化產(chǎn)業(yè)示范園區(qū)、國家雙創(chuàng)示范基地、國家級夜間文化和旅游消費集聚區(qū)、全國非遺旅游街區(qū)，這里是很多“景漂”藝術(shù)家和創(chuàng)作者的舞臺。

Once the state-owned Cosmos Ceramics Factory and Ceramic Machinery Factory, Taoxichuan has since transformed into a national cultural industry and innovative entrepreneurship model zone, a nighttime tourist destination, and a street packed with intangible cultural heritage. It serves as a stage for many artists and creators who have migrated to Jingdezhen.

2019年的陶溪川，一期剛剛呈現(xiàn)，其他區(qū)域還沒有成形，現(xiàn)有建筑也存在電力容量和高層水壓不足的情況。園區(qū)規(guī)模的擴張需要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施先行。最初，陶文旅希望盡可能減少分散設(shè)備外機對未來園區(qū)改造風(fēng)貌的影響。經(jīng)過一系列技術(shù)評估、節(jié)能優(yōu)化的論證，陶文旅決定建造一個集中式能源中心，為未來擴增的園區(qū)提供冷熱源、消防加壓水和電力，并統(tǒng)籌園區(qū)的能源優(yōu)化與消防管理。

Back in 2019, the first phase of Taoxichuan had just been unveiled, but many areas were still under development. The existing infrastructure was strained, with insufficient electrical capacity and water pressure for the upper floors. Infrastructure had to catch up to the site’s growing ambition. Initially, the client wanted to minimize the visual impact of scattered utility units. After a series of technical evaluations and energy-saving optimizations, they decided to build a centralized energy center to provide heating, cooling, water pressure, and electricity for the expanded campus, while also managing energy efficiency and fire safety across the site.

能源中心選址在園區(qū)一處空地中。這整個空地將被下挖建造成連通周圍幾個酒店的地下停車庫，這項工程正好與冷熱通網(wǎng)智慧管線的鋪設(shè)相結(jié)合，最后再覆土，恢復(fù)成一個綠地公園。

The energy center would be located on a vacant lot, which would be excavated to construct an underground parking lot connected to nearby hotels. This construction would be integrated with the laying of heating and cooling pipelines and smart network. Once complete, it would be re-covered with greenery, restored to a green park.

那么，一個綠地公園中的設(shè)備用房，可以做成什么樣？

Back to the question: what could a utility building in a green park look like?

一分為二

能源站俗稱設(shè)備用房，一般是不對公眾開放的。它由消防水池、水泵間、鍋爐間、制冷機組、變電站和控制中心組成，封裝在一個大盒子里，最后在盒子頂上放置大型的冷卻塔，再被百葉圍一圈。訓(xùn)練有素的建筑師，能拿出很多“立面手法”，來“美化”這種方盒子的外觀。但有沒有辦法在滿足能源中心內(nèi)部功能需求的同時，最大化保留公園的開放空間？

An energy station, often referred to a utility building, is not a place where you will host a party. It usually consists of a fire water tank, pumps, boilers, refrigeration units, substation, and control center, all enclosed in a big box with massive cooling towers sitting on top,? surrounded by louver screens. A skillful architect could come up many ways to “dress up” such a box. But what intrigued me was whether there was a way to meet the functional needs of the energy center while maximizing the open space in the park.

我們將建筑體量一分為二：冷卻機組、配電、鍋爐間和消防水池埋在地下與綠地連接成草坡，就像將草地向上撕開一角；而冷卻塔、控制中心懸浮于空中，建筑體量根據(jù)所需空間大小排列，成楔形。

We divided the building into two parts: the cooling units, power distribution, boiler room, and fire water tank are buried underground, blending into the landscape as a grassy slope like tearing up a corner of the lawn;? seven massive cooling towers and control center were suspended above, forming a wedge shape.

盡管建筑內(nèi)部不對公眾開放，但通過兩個體塊的切分，建筑所占用的公園面積又還給了公眾，公園總面積不被減少。在炎炎夏日，這個巨大的“遮陽棚”下是非常舒適的乘涼灰空間，也是草地上各種活動的看臺。

Although the building interior is still closed for the public, by splitting the volume, it returns the space to the park, which would be otherwise occupied by the building footprint. On hot summer days, the large "canopy" created by the structure became a welcome, shaded space for relaxation—and a natural viewing platform for whatever fun was happening in the park.

能源中心北側(cè)臨街，建筑線條非常硬朗，真實的設(shè)備和管線在立面展露，像個巨大的機器；但它在公園一側(cè)則要柔軟輕薄許多，懸浮在空中的形體呈現(xiàn)兩個曲線的“眼睛”——分別是控制中心和會議室，它們都是利用桁架的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)空間產(chǎn)生的。

The north elevation along the street, has bold, strait industrial features, exposing the real equipment and pipes like a massive machine. On the park-facing side, however, the building looks softer, lighter and more organic, with two curved “eyes”—— the control center and a meeting room, both created using the internal space of the truss structure.

我們設(shè)想在這懸浮體的底部掛設(shè)一層風(fēng)動鱗片，像風(fēng)鈴一樣，作為點睛之筆。曲面隨風(fēng)翻涌，化身為一個公共綠地中的裝置藝術(shù)，就像飄浮在草坡上的機械云彩—— “云引擎”因此得名。

We envisioned hanging wind-driven scales under the suspended structure as a finishing touch. These scales would ripple in the breeze, turning the structure into an art installation—a mechanical cloud floating above the grass. That’s how it got the name "Cloud Engine."

環(huán)境共融

作為陶溪川建筑群像之一，“云引擎”和而不同，與周邊有緊密的關(guān)系。

As a member of the Taoxichuan architecture cluster, Cloud Engine is distinctive but getting well with its surroundings.

在“云引擎”設(shè)計方案初成時，場地西側(cè)的景仰書院的設(shè)計也開始啟動了。我在一次會議上看到了董功老師靜謐的庭院效果圖，忽然一驚。因為如果在這歲月靜好的庭院里看見這一座探出頭的金屬機械，那可就不妙了。

When the schematic design of Cloud Engine was delivered, the west neighbour project Jingyang Camphor Court by Vector Architects has just begun. Occasionally I saw their rendering of a nice peaceful courtyard in a design meeting, it suddenly hits my mind: If a hulking metal machine peeking out in this scene, they must freak out.

所以我們將整個建筑體型再向北邊平移，并調(diào)整了建筑體型切入角度，確保從景仰書院的庭院之中剛好看不到“云引擎”探出頭來。這個調(diào)整后的平面銳角也加強了建筑透視的張力效果。

In order to perfectly avoid the Cloud Engine being visible from that lovely courtyard, we shifted the entire building north and adjusted the plan’s angle preciously. This tweak also sharpened the building’s form, enhancing the dramatic perspective.

從現(xiàn)場南側(cè)國貿(mào)酒店的大堂入口，我們也協(xié)同景觀起坡做了相似視覺控制，將“云引擎”的戲劇張力約束這青青草地的范圍之內(nèi)，消隱在周邊建筑其各自小宇宙之外。

At the lobby of the Guomao Hotel on the south site, we use the landscape terrain as a barrier to control the view. It helps keeping the Cloud Engine’s dramatic presence within the grassy area, and not aggressive or even hidden from surrounding buildings’ perspective.

技術(shù)與美學(xué)

能源中心先有設(shè)備，再有建筑。經(jīng)過測算，供冷設(shè)備為3座2200RT和1座1100RT變頻離心式制冷機組，搭配7臺大型冷卻塔；供熱為三臺5.6MW燃?xì)鉄崴仩t；生活熱水則為兩臺1.4MW燃?xì)鉄崴仩t，等等。技術(shù)參數(shù)作為構(gòu)建空間設(shè)計的基本常量。

An energy center starts with the equipment, and then comes the building. The cooling system includes three 2200RT and one 1100RT variable-frequency centrifugal chillers, paired with seven large cooling towers. For heating, there are three 5.6MW gas hot water boilers, plus two 1.4MW gas boilers for daily-use hot water. These technical specs became the foundation for the design.

為了搭載這些設(shè)備，我們量身定制柱跨模數(shù)，避讓穿插管線，確?？臻g滿足工藝之需。這對建筑—結(jié)構(gòu)—設(shè)備三者的協(xié)同統(tǒng)一提出了很高的要求，是在與中元團隊緊密協(xié)作和技術(shù)支持之下才得以實現(xiàn)的。我們建立了參數(shù)模型，以便實時反應(yīng)建筑—結(jié)構(gòu)—設(shè)備的調(diào)整對整體效果的影響。除了數(shù)字模擬，甚至進行了實測風(fēng)洞實驗。

We tailored the building’s grid to accommodate the equipment and carefully routed the pipes, ensuring the space met all operational needs. This required precise coordination between the architectural, structural, and mechanical systems, all made possible through our collaboration with China IPPR team. We built parametric models to simulate how adjustments would affect the overall design, and even conducted wind tunnel tests.

設(shè)備的技術(shù)邏輯本身就是一種美，但在傳統(tǒng)的建筑學(xué)范疇之中，設(shè)備之美要么被視而不見，藏匿于“管井”“天花”和“百葉”的背后，要么只是作為一種所謂“工業(yè)風(fēng)”形式風(fēng)格被室內(nèi)裝修行業(yè)爭相模仿。

The equipment’s technical logic has a beauty of its own, but in traditional architectural practice, this beauty is either hidden in shafts, ceilings and louvers, or, simply imitated by the interior designers, referring to “industrial style.”

在“云引擎”的設(shè)計中，我們希望將設(shè)備之美率真地展現(xiàn)出來，與建筑融為一體，呈現(xiàn)整體的機械感。在立面的細(xì)節(jié)里，我們用中英文真實標(biāo)注了其功能：例如在冷水管上標(biāo)注“冷”，在檢修通道刻寫“修”，建筑細(xì)部如同設(shè)備操作說明書。

In this project, we aimed to showcase the beauty of the equipment, integrating it with the architecture to present a cohesive mechanical aesthetic. In the facade details, we used both Chinese and English labels to mark the functions: for instance, "Cold" is carved on the cold water pipes, and "Repair" is engraved on the maintenance access — so that the building’s detailing reads like an operational manual.

一步之遙的遺憾

“云引擎”從2019年開始設(shè)計到2023年投入使用，完整經(jīng)歷了疫情起起伏伏所帶來的阻隔。尤其在最后外墻施工的關(guān)鍵時期，遠(yuǎn)程協(xié)同詞不達意，困難重重。盡管在陶文旅和中元團隊的盡責(zé)努力之下，大部分效果得以實現(xiàn)，底部的風(fēng)動鱗片卻因為各種原因沒能掛上。

Since 2019, the project went through many ups and downs due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Especially during the crucial stage of exterior construction, remote collaboration was significant challenging. Despite the responsible efforts of the client and EPC team, and most of the design intention were achieved, eventually the wind-driven scales at the bottom were not installed for various reasons.

后來我不止一次自己爬上龍骨，測試懸掛鱗片的打樣和光照效果。為了對底部龍骨的誤差進行摸底，我們也進行了3D掃描實測。這組實測數(shù)據(jù)將作為鱗片生產(chǎn)和安裝的重要基礎(chǔ)，為未來的可能性做好準(zhǔn)備。

I personally climbed the frame several times to test prototypes of the scales and their lighting effects. To better document the tolerances of the bottom keels, we conducted a 3D scan, and the data collected will serve as a critical foundation for potential installation? in the future..

可惜的是，至今這個飄浮在草坡上的機械云彩未能點睛，與裝置藝術(shù)的設(shè)想仍有一步之遙。但我仍然滿懷希望，也許未來通過活動運營的契機，底部的鱗片可以安裝，這片“云彩”能借風(fēng)而起。

Unfortunately, the “mechanical cloud” floating above the grass slope remains unfinished, this building is one step away from an installation art piece. But I remain hopeful—perhaps one day, by any event opportunities, the scales might be installed, and this cloud will finally catch the wind.

非凡的未來日常

想起更遙遠(yuǎn)的2010年，我參與到BIG哥本哈根垃圾焚燒廠項目競賽之中，那是一座能在在頂上滑雪的垃圾焚燒廠。

It reminds in distant past of 2010, I was working in BIG and participated in a competition for a waste-to-energy plant in Copenhagen, which people could ski on the roof.

那真是一個奇異的想法。贏得競賽之后，大家喝得微迷，我記得有人說：“雖然現(xiàn)在覺得不可思議，等很多年以后，我們的孩子會覺得在垃圾焚燒廠上滑雪是再正常不過的事情。”

It was a bold and unusual idea. After winning the competition, during the celebratory drinks, someone said, “It may seem incredible now, but in a few years, our kids will think skiing on a waste-to-energy plant is the most normal thing.”

在我離開丹麥之后，那個項目經(jīng)過后來8年的努力才得以落成，但是那個幽默的二氧化碳煙圈兒的想法最終也沒能實現(xiàn)。遺憾有時候是創(chuàng)新的宿命，這也是設(shè)計最艱難與迷人之處：對現(xiàn)有的慣性拷問，將今天的非凡變成未來的日常。我至今以此自勉。

After I left Denmark, the project took another eight years to made real, but the most playful idea of? “CO2 smoke rings” was never realized. Sometimes, unfulfilled potential is the price of innovation. That’s what makes design so challenging and fascinating: rethink the current, turning today’s extraordinary into tomorrow’s daily life. It keeps me motivated ever since.

設(shè)計圖紙 ▽

完整項目信息

項目地址：江西省景德鎮(zhèn)市新廠西路150號陶溪川文創(chuàng)街區(qū)

完成年份：2024

建筑面積：5300平方米

建筑/室內(nèi)方案設(shè)計：行之建筑設(shè)計事務(wù)所

聯(lián)絡(luò)郵箱：info@xing.design

EPC 總包單位：中國中元國際工程有限公司

業(yè)主方：景德鎮(zhèn)陶邑文化發(fā)展有限公司

施工方：中國中元國際工程有限公司（建筑）、蘇州金螳螂建筑裝飾股份有限公司（室內(nèi)）

XINGDESIGN行之建筑設(shè)計團隊：

主持建筑師：熊星

項目成員：任美子、林偉喬、雷昇、陳墨、伍導(dǎo)、李紹禹、施宇航、李雪姿、張欣語

中國中元國際工程有限公司設(shè)計團隊：

項目總師：別舒

EPC項目經(jīng)理：王輝

建筑：劉波鋒、李環(huán)宇

結(jié)構(gòu)：張建勛、劉智敏、徐達

暖通：杜可心

熱力：賈澤

給排水：張威

電氣：沈雯

自控：丁艷虹

攝影：是然建筑攝影、李逸

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